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675. Results of longitudinal Nutri-D study : factors influencing winter and summer vitamin D status in a Caucasian populationMaša Hribar, Igor Pravst, Tina Pogačnik, Katja Žmitek, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction: Inadequate vitamin D status is a worldwide public health issue. In humans, vitamin D status is affected by diet, and even more by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light and consequential endogenous synthesis. Various personal and environmental factors influence endogenous synthesis. Factors affecting vitamin D status were investigated in a prospective longitudinal cohort study with a summer and winter observation period. Methods: The final sample included 292 adults, of those 111 (38%) males and 181 (62%) females, with a mean age of 38.2 (±11.8) years from Slovenia who were not supplementing vitamin D. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured in both periods; vitamin D intake, self-reported body mass index (BMI), and protective behaviors against sun were also recorded. Other measured parameters included measurements of constitutive skin color using the objective individual typology angle (ITA), and difference in the melanin index (ΔMI) for assessment of objective sun exposure. Results: In winter a high prevalence (63.4%) of insufficient vitamin D status (< 50 nmoL/L) was observed with higher odds ratios (OR) for insufficiency in those with a higher BMI and light ITA. During summer, insufficiency prevalence was low (5.5%), but half of the participants (50.0%) had suboptimal 25(OH)D concentration (< 75 nmol/L). In summer OR for suboptimal status were higher in those with obesity, lower ΔMI, light ITA, low vitamin D intake, and protective clothing behaviors. Conclusion: Using a series of measures, we showed that vitamin D status is hugely affected by several personal factors such as BMI, ITA, vitamin D intake, ΔMI, and protective behavior against the sun. This conclusion questions the usefulness of generalized population-level recommendations since personal factors are a major predictor of vitamin D status
Keywords: 25(OH)D, deficiency, sun exposure, individual typology angle, melanin index, Caucasian
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 207; Downloads: 90
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676. The effects of dietary supplementation with collagen and vitamin C and their combination with hyaluronic acid on skin density, texture and other parameters : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialKatja Žmitek, Janko Žmitek, Hristo Hristov, Mirjam Rogl-Butina, Petra Keršmanc, Tina Pogačnik, 2024, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 270; Downloads: 101
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677. Nutrition among nursing home residents: results from the NutriCare studyŽiva Lavriša, Igor Pravst, Sanja Krušič, Neža Hren, Nadan Gregorič, Irena Hren, Barbara Koroušić-Seljak, Hristo Hristov, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: nutrition, older adults, nursing home residents, dietary intake, macronutrient intake, protein, energy, dietary fibre, a study on nutritional care
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 241; Downloads: 86
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678. Interpreting urinary iodine concentration : effects of urine dilution and collection timingAdrijana Oblak, Maša Hribar, Hristo Hristov, Matej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, Joško Osredkar, Anita Kušar, Katja Žmitek, Živa Lavriša, Tjaša Zaletel, Blaž Krhin, Igor Pravst, Simona Gaberšček, Katja Zaletel, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: OBJECTIVES: In population studies, iodine intake estimation relies on median urinary iodine concentration (UIC). However, interpreting UIC measurements can be challenging. METHODS: In our study, we included 772 adult participants from three groups: nationally representative gender-mixed, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women. We measured UIC and urinary creatinine (U-Cr) to calculate the iodine-to- creatinine ratio (I/Cr). U-Cr cut-off value of 0.226 g/L was used for differentiation between diluted and undiluted urine samples. After excluding samples below this cut-off, new median UIC and I/Cr ratios were calculated. We additionally evaluated the influence of urine sample collection time on UIC. RESULTS: Median UICs were 91.8 μg/L for nationally representative group, 58.3 μg/L for women of reproductive age, and 74.9 μg/L for pregnant women, while I/Cr ratios were 91.7, 102.0, and 159.2 μg/g, respectively. After implementing U-Cr cut-off and excluding all data where U-Cr was below cut-off, new median values were 93.4, 76.3, and 95.4 μg/L for UICs, and 88.6, 88.8, and 128.7 μg/g for I/Cr ratios, respectively. In women of reproductive age, median UIC was significantly lower in urine samples collected after 9:30 and after 12:00 as compared to samples collected before 9.30 (53.4, 57.8, and 97.3 μg/L, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: UIC results should be interpreted with caution, considering urine dilution and sample collection timing. U-Cr measurement should be included in population-based iodine intake studies, with corrections applied especially for pregnant women and younger adults, for whom morning is best for single-spot samples.
Keywords: urine dilution, urinary iodine concentration
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 283; Downloads: 101
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679. Correlative imaging of structural biochemistry in plant and food quality research within an interoperable data acquisition platformMarjana Regvar, Boštjan Jenčič, Martin Šala, Aleš Kladnik, Iztok Dogša, Maja Koblar, Mitja Kelemen, Primož Vavpetič, Katarina Vogel-Mikuš, Ivan Kreft, Primož Pelicon, Paula Pongrac, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Correlative imaging is a powerful tool for revealing information on cell-type structures and their biochemistry, with the potential to inform healthier food choices and improved dietary recommendations. Determination of plant structures and their structural biochemistry advances our understanding of specific structures designed to store different biomolecules within cells and tissues. Compared to the classical biochemical separation techniques, the key advantage of sequential correlative imaging techniques is in relating spatial plant (micro)structures to their biochemistry in a nondestructive manner. Sequential imaging reported here comprises six methodologies on a single sample, a cross-section of a Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) grain, namely, bright-field and autofluorescence microscopy, fluorescence microspectroscopy, MeV-secondary ion mass spectrometry, micro-particle-induced X-ray emission, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results confirm that the stepwise addition of the desired information across several classes of biomolecules and several spatial scales informs the quality and safety of plant-based produce across scales. Therefore, a viable workflow is proposed, enabling sequential spatial analysis of grain and highlighting plant structures' in situ specificity. The advantages and disadvantages of the selected methodologies were critically evaluated.
Keywords: autofluorescence, correlative molecular imaging, element distribution, grain tissues
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 189; Downloads: 98
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680. Insights into the salt levels in bread offers in Slovenia : trends and differencesSaša Kugler, Hristo Hristov, Urška Blaznik, Maša Hribar, Edvina Hafner, Anita Kušar, Igor Pravst, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Objective: Bakery products are considered as one of main dietary sources of sodium/salt in Slovenia. Our main objective was to assess the salt content in bread in Slovenia, focusing into different bread categories and sales channels. The data collected in 2022 was compared with year 2012. Methods: A follow-up study on salt content of bread sold in Slovenia was conducted. Bread samples were purchased in large retail shops and smaller bakeries across 11 statistical regions of Slovenia. Sodium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; salt content was calculated by multiplying sodium content with 2.54, assuming all sodium corresponds to sodium chloride. Results: In 2022, 178 bread samples were purchased and analyzed. Weighted mean salt content in bread was 1.35 (95% CI 1.28–1.42) g/100 g in 2012, and 1.26 (95% CI 1.22–1.29) g/100 g in 2022, showing a 7% decrease. Notable differences in the salt content were observed between various bread subcategories and retail environments. In addition, a significant difference was observed between white wheat bread sold in large retail shops and smaller bakeries, where a higher salt content was observed. Conclusion: While study results show small decrease in the salt content in bread in Slovenia in last decade, the salt reduction targets set by the WHO have not been met. Additional efforts are needed to stimulate bread reformulation with reducing salt content.
Keywords: bread, sodium, salt, ICP-MS, Slovenia
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 214; Downloads: 102
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