681. Dietary intake of adolescents and alignment with recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets : results of the SI.Menu studyRok Poličnik, Hristo Hristov, Živa Lavriša, Jerneja Farkaš-Lainščak, Sonja Smole Možina, Barbara Koroušić-Seljak, Urška Blaznik, Matej Gregorič, Igor Pravst, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Background: The SI.Menu study offers the latest data on the dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess their dietary intake (energy and nutrients) and compare their food intakes with dietary recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets. Methods: The cross-sectional epidemiological dietary study SI.Menu (March 2017–April 2018) was conducted on a representative sample of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (n = 468) (230 males and 238 females). Data on dietary intake were gathered through two nonconsecutive 24 h recalls, in line with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) EU Menu methodology. The repeated 24 h Dietary Recall (HDR) and Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ) data were combined to determine the usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, using the Multiple Source Method (MSM) program. Results: Adolescents’ diets significantly deviate from dietary recommendations, lacking vegetables, milk and dairy products, nuts and seeds, legumes, and water, while containing excessive meat (especially red meat) and high-sugar foods. This results in insufficient intake of dietary fibre, and nutrients such as vitamin D, folate, and calcium. Conclusions: The dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents does not meet healthy and sustainable diet recommendations. This study provides an important insight into the dietary habits of Slovenian adolescents that could be useful for future public health strategies.
Keywords: nutrient intake, energy intake, dietary intake, adolescents, 24 h recall, FPQ, dietary survey, Slovenia, sustainable diet
Published in DiRROS: 10.11.2025; Views: 158; Downloads: 89
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686. Results of longitudinal Nutri-D study : factors influencing winter and summer vitamin D status in a Caucasian populationMaša Hribar, Igor Pravst, Tina Pogačnik, Katja Žmitek, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction: Inadequate vitamin D status is a worldwide public health issue. In humans, vitamin D status is affected by diet, and even more by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light and consequential endogenous synthesis. Various personal and environmental factors influence endogenous synthesis. Factors affecting vitamin D status were investigated in a prospective longitudinal cohort study with a summer and winter observation period. Methods: The final sample included 292 adults, of those 111 (38%) males and 181 (62%) females, with a mean age of 38.2 (±11.8) years from Slovenia who were not supplementing vitamin D. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured in both periods; vitamin D intake, self-reported body mass index (BMI), and protective behaviors against sun were also recorded. Other measured parameters included measurements of constitutive skin color using the objective individual typology angle (ITA), and difference in the melanin index (ΔMI) for assessment of objective sun exposure. Results: In winter a high prevalence (63.4%) of insufficient vitamin D status (< 50 nmoL/L) was observed with higher odds ratios (OR) for insufficiency in those with a higher BMI and light ITA. During summer, insufficiency prevalence was low (5.5%), but half of the participants (50.0%) had suboptimal 25(OH)D concentration (< 75 nmol/L). In summer OR for suboptimal status were higher in those with obesity, lower ΔMI, light ITA, low vitamin D intake, and protective clothing behaviors. Conclusion: Using a series of measures, we showed that vitamin D status is hugely affected by several personal factors such as BMI, ITA, vitamin D intake, ΔMI, and protective behavior against the sun. This conclusion questions the usefulness of generalized population-level recommendations since personal factors are a major predictor of vitamin D status
Keywords: 25(OH)D, deficiency, sun exposure, individual typology angle, melanin index, Caucasian
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 209; Downloads: 90
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687. The effects of dietary supplementation with collagen and vitamin C and their combination with hyaluronic acid on skin density, texture and other parameters : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialKatja Žmitek, Janko Žmitek, Hristo Hristov, Mirjam Rogl-Butina, Petra Keršmanc, Tina Pogačnik, 2024, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 270; Downloads: 102
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688. Nutrition among nursing home residents: results from the NutriCare studyŽiva Lavriša, Igor Pravst, Sanja Krušič, Neža Hren, Nadan Gregorič, Irena Hren, Barbara Koroušić-Seljak, Hristo Hristov, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: nutrition, older adults, nursing home residents, dietary intake, macronutrient intake, protein, energy, dietary fibre, a study on nutritional care
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 242; Downloads: 86
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689. Interpreting urinary iodine concentration : effects of urine dilution and collection timingAdrijana Oblak, Maša Hribar, Hristo Hristov, Matej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, Joško Osredkar, Anita Kušar, Katja Žmitek, Živa Lavriša, Tjaša Zaletel, Blaž Krhin, Igor Pravst, Simona Gaberšček, Katja Zaletel, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: OBJECTIVES: In population studies, iodine intake estimation relies on median urinary iodine concentration (UIC). However, interpreting UIC measurements can be challenging. METHODS: In our study, we included 772 adult participants from three groups: nationally representative gender-mixed, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women. We measured UIC and urinary creatinine (U-Cr) to calculate the iodine-to- creatinine ratio (I/Cr). U-Cr cut-off value of 0.226 g/L was used for differentiation between diluted and undiluted urine samples. After excluding samples below this cut-off, new median UIC and I/Cr ratios were calculated. We additionally evaluated the influence of urine sample collection time on UIC. RESULTS: Median UICs were 91.8 μg/L for nationally representative group, 58.3 μg/L for women of reproductive age, and 74.9 μg/L for pregnant women, while I/Cr ratios were 91.7, 102.0, and 159.2 μg/g, respectively. After implementing U-Cr cut-off and excluding all data where U-Cr was below cut-off, new median values were 93.4, 76.3, and 95.4 μg/L for UICs, and 88.6, 88.8, and 128.7 μg/g for I/Cr ratios, respectively. In women of reproductive age, median UIC was significantly lower in urine samples collected after 9:30 and after 12:00 as compared to samples collected before 9.30 (53.4, 57.8, and 97.3 μg/L, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: UIC results should be interpreted with caution, considering urine dilution and sample collection timing. U-Cr measurement should be included in population-based iodine intake studies, with corrections applied especially for pregnant women and younger adults, for whom morning is best for single-spot samples.
Keywords: urine dilution, urinary iodine concentration
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 289; Downloads: 101
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690. Correlative imaging of structural biochemistry in plant and food quality research within an interoperable data acquisition platformMarjana Regvar, Boštjan Jenčič, Martin Šala, Aleš Kladnik, Iztok Dogša, Maja Koblar, Mitja Kelemen, Primož Vavpetič, Katarina Vogel-Mikuš, Ivan Kreft, Primož Pelicon, Paula Pongrac, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Correlative imaging is a powerful tool for revealing information on cell-type structures and their biochemistry, with the potential to inform healthier food choices and improved dietary recommendations. Determination of plant structures and their structural biochemistry advances our understanding of specific structures designed to store different biomolecules within cells and tissues. Compared to the classical biochemical separation techniques, the key advantage of sequential correlative imaging techniques is in relating spatial plant (micro)structures to their biochemistry in a nondestructive manner. Sequential imaging reported here comprises six methodologies on a single sample, a cross-section of a Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) grain, namely, bright-field and autofluorescence microscopy, fluorescence microspectroscopy, MeV-secondary ion mass spectrometry, micro-particle-induced X-ray emission, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results confirm that the stepwise addition of the desired information across several classes of biomolecules and several spatial scales informs the quality and safety of plant-based produce across scales. Therefore, a viable workflow is proposed, enabling sequential spatial analysis of grain and highlighting plant structures' in situ specificity. The advantages and disadvantages of the selected methodologies were critically evaluated.
Keywords: autofluorescence, correlative molecular imaging, element distribution, grain tissues
Published in DiRROS: 07.11.2025; Views: 189; Downloads: 101
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