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1 - 10 / 2000
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1.
Jellyfish blooms : an overlooked hotspot and potential vector for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in marine environments
Alan X. Elena, Neža Orel, Peiju Fang, Gerhard J. Herndl, Thomas U. Berendonk, Tinkara Tinta, Uli Klümper, 2025, original scientific article

Abstract: Gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) represents an important component of marine food webs, capable of generating massive blooms with severe environmental impact. When these blooms collapse, considerable amounts of organic matter (GZ-OM) either sink to the seafloor or can be introduced into the ocean’s interior, promoting bacterial growth and providing a colonizable surface for microbial interactions. We hypothesized that GZ-OM is an overlooked marine hotspot for transmitting antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). To test this, we first re-analyzed metagenomes from two previous studies that experimentally evolved marine microbial communities in the presence and absence of OM from Aurelia aurita and Mnemiopsis leidyi recovered from bloom events and thereafter performed additional time-resolved GZ-OM degradation experiments to improve sample size and statistical power of our analysis. We analyzed these communities for composition, ARG, and mobile genetic element (MGE) content. Communities exposed to GZ-OM displayed up to fourfold increased relative ARG and up to 10-fold increased MGE abundance per 16S rRNA gene copy compared to the controls. This pattern was consistent across ARG and MGE classes and independent of the GZ species, indicating that nutrient influx and colonizable surfaces drive these changes. Potential ARG carriers included genera containing potential pathogens raising concerns of ARG transfer to pathogenic strains. Vibrio was pinpointed as a key player associated with elevated ARGs and MGEs. Whole-genome sequencing of a Vibrio isolate revealed the genetic capability for ARG mobilization and transfer. This study establishes the first link between two emerging issues of marine coastal zones, jellyfish blooms and ARG spread, both likely increasing with future ocean change. Hence, jellyfish blooms are a quintessential “One Health” issue where decreasing environmental health directly impacts human health.
Keywords: gelatinous zooplankton, antimicrobial resistance genes, organic matter, microbial interactions, vibrio
Published in DiRROS: 20.02.2025; Views: 61; Downloads: 30
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2.
The potential threats posed by the invasive bark beetle Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to a natural park in the Middle Urals (Russia)
V. I. Ponomarev, Olga V. Tolkach, G. I. Klobukov, Anton A. Efremenko, N. V. Pashenova, D.A. Demidko, Natalia I. Kirichenko, Yuri N. Baranchikov, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: The four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford, 1894 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an invasive species that originates from the Far East. Since early 2000s, it became known as an aggressive pest causing massive dieback of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) in Siberia and, to some extent, in the European part of Russia. Here, we report the first record of P. proximus in Sverdlovsk Region (the Middle Urals, Russia). In summer 2023, A. sibirica trees colonized by the pest were discovered on the territory of the “Olenyi Ruchyi” Natural Park. The dendrochronological analysis of the cores of fir trees killed by the beetle indicated that the majority (72%) of these trees died in 2021–2022, while the earliest tree death occured already in 2007 and 2009, meaning that the pest was present in the Natural Park for at least two decades. Mycological analysis of bark and wood samples of infested trees revealed the fungus colonies assigned to Grosmannia aoshimae (Ohtaka, Masuya & Yamaoka) Masuya & Yamaoka. Associated with P. proximus, this Far Eastern fungus species has spread with the beetle to Siberia and the Urals, contributing to tree mortality. Siberian fir is present on 69% of the forested area in the “Olenyi Ruchyi”. The colonization of fir trees by P. proximus recorded in the park in 2023 alarms about the high risk of the pest outbreak in the coming years, which may lead to subsequent tree death over a huge territory of the park affecting its ecological, cultural, and recreational values. To prevent the dramatic impact, it is highly urgent to take all the necessary measures to suppress the distribution and combat this alien pest.
Keywords: Xylophagous species, alien pest, fir forest stands, tree mortality, Grosmannia aoshimae
Published in DiRROS: 20.02.2025; Views: 40; Downloads: 25
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Ongoing invasion and first parasitoid record of the North American leaf-mining moth Chysaster ostensackenella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Primorsky Territory (Russia)
Natalia I. Kirichenko, Nina A. Kolyada, Oksana V. Kosheleva, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: The North American leaf-mining moth Chrysaster ostensackenella (Fitch, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an invasive species newly documented in Russia in 2022 based on our findings in Primorsky Territory. The article provides data on its biology and distribution in the southern part of the region in 2023. A survey of Robinia pseudoacacia (a host plant) carried out in 12 distant settlements revealed widespread spread of Ch. ostensackenella: from the town of Spassk-Dalniy (44°36′N, 132°49′E) on the north to the village of Khasan (42°25′N, 130°38′E) on the south. Significant plant damage (>50% of leaves with the mines) was documented in the city of Artem and the village of Sinyi Gai, moderate (>25%) in Khasan, Bolshoi Kamen and Ussuriysk, and low damage (<10%) in other six settlements. Parasitism was recorded in two localities (Khasan and Slavyanka), reaching 22%. Altogether, six parasitoid adults (five females and one male) of Achrysocharoides chrysasteris Kamijo, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were reared from the moth pupae. This East Asian parasitoid is a novel record for Russia, and its trophic association with the North American moth is a new to science. Diagnoses of the parasitoid genus and species are given, and the species male is newly described. Additionally, the illustrations of male and female of A. chrysasteris are provided.
Keywords: Gracillariid, invasive alien species, Robinia pseudoacacia, the Russian Far East, distribution, parasitism, Achrysocharoides chrysasteris
Published in DiRROS: 19.02.2025; Views: 57; Downloads: 24
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5.
The North American leaf-mining moth Coptodisca lucifluella (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reached Southern Russia and Abkhazia : genetic variability and potential for further spread
Natalia I. Kirichenko, Elena I. Shoshina, Elena N. Zhuravleva, Irina K. Khuapshykhu, Stanislav Gomboc, Lesik Ya. Ayba, Natalia N. Karpun, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: The invasive North American leaf-mining moth Coptodisca lucifluella (Clemens, 1860) (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) is reported for the first time in Russia and Abkhazia based on findings of the leaf mines on Carya illinoinensis, Car. tomentosa, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Juglans regia, and J. nigra in Sochi, Sirius, Crimea, and Abkhazian settlements in 2023 and 2024. The species was identified by DNA barcoding of two larvae dissected from the leaf mines and by morphology of adults grown from the leaf mines in 2024. The analysis of DNA barcoding data of the Russian and Abkhazian specimens together with those from Europe (invaded range) and North America (native range), publicly available in BOLD and/or GenBank, defined relatively low (1.45%) intraspecific variability. High interspecific divergence (over 9%) was detected when comparing C. lucifluella with another invasive North American heliozelid, C. juglandiella, currently spreading in Europe but not yet recorded in Russia and Abkhazia. The leaf mines of C. lucifluella (Chambers, 1874) were notably abundant on the North American pecan, Car. illinoinensis, widely cultivated in orchards and urban area in Southern Russia and Abkhazia. Around 162±23 mines (maximal of 216 mines) and 182±30 mines (maximal of 269 mines) per a compound leaf were documented in Sochi (Russia) and Gulrypsh District (Abkhazia), respectively. In Abkhazia, up to 35% parasitism rate was recorded, with unidentified Eulophidae as a main cause. The overview of the modern range of C. lucifluella and the note on its bionomics in the studied localities are provided. Furthermore, the potential of the species spread in Russia and beyond (in particular to Caucasus and Asian countries) is discussed.
Keywords: Alien moth, leafminer, heliozelid, novel records, Sochi, Crimea, North Caucasus
Published in DiRROS: 19.02.2025; Views: 56; Downloads: 22
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6.
Acidity reversal enables site-specific ring-opening polymerization of epoxides from biprotonic compounds
Urška Češarek, Lijun Liu, Qiyi Chen, Tianyuan Wen, Ema Žagar, Junpeng Zhao, David Pahovnik, 2025, original scientific article

Published in DiRROS: 19.02.2025; Views: 62; Downloads: 25
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8.
The role of nanoporosity in oxygen reduction reaction under elevated mass transport : porous vs core-shell
Primož Jovanovič, Armin Hrnjić, Martin Šala, Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda, Marjan Bele, Nejc Hodnik, 2025, original scientific article

Published in DiRROS: 19.02.2025; Views: 64; Downloads: 30
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9.
Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science
Ismael Soto, Paride Balzani, Laís Carneiro, Ross N. Cuthbert, Rafael L. Macêdo, Ali Serhan Tarkan, Danish A. Ahmed, Alok Bang, Karolina Bacela-Spychalska, Sarah A Bailey, Natalia I. Kirichenko, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science – a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline – the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions. A standardised framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardising terminology across stakeholders remains a challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. ‘non-native’, ‘alien’, ‘invasive’ or ‘invader’, ‘exotic’, ‘non-indigenous’, ‘naturalised’, ‘pest’) to propose a more simplified and standardised terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) ‘non-native’, denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) ‘established non-native’, i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) ‘invasive non-native’ – populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualising ‘spread’ for classifying invasiveness and ‘impact’ for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (i) dispersal mechanism, (ii) species origin, (iii) population status, and (iv) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species.
Keywords: biological invasion, classification, communication, non-English language, non-native, polysemy, synonymy
Published in DiRROS: 19.02.2025; Views: 70; Downloads: 19
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10.
Biological invasions are a population-level rather than a species-level phenomenon
Phillip Joschka Haubrock, Ismael Soto, Danish A. Ahmed, Ali R. Ansari, Ali Serhan Tarkan, Irmak Kurtul, Rafael L. Macêdo, Adrián Lázaro-Lobo, Mathieu Toutain, Ben Parker, Natalia I. Kirichenko, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Biological invasions pose a rapidly expanding threat to the persistence, functioning and service provisioning of ecosystems globally, and to socio-economic interests. The stages of successful invasions are driven by the same mechanism that underlies adaptive changes across species in general—via natural selection on intraspecific variation in traits that influence survival and reproductive performance (i.e., fitness). Surprisingly, however, the rapid progress in the field of invasion science has resulted in a predominance of species-level approaches (such as deny lists), often irrespective of natural selection theory, local adaptation and other population-level processes that govern successful invasions. To address these issues, we analyse non-native species dynamics at the population level by employing a database of European freshwater macroinvertebrate time series, to investigate spreading speed, abundance dynamics and impact assessments among populations. Our findings reveal substantial variability in spreading speed and abundance trends within and between macroinvertebrate species across biogeographic regions, indicating that levels of invasiveness and impact differ markedly. Discrepancies and inconsistencies among species-level risk screenings and real population-level data were also identified, highlighting the inherent challenges in accurately assessing population-level effects through species-level assessments. In recognition of the importance of population-level assessments, we urge a shift in invasive species management frameworks, which should account for the dynamics of different populations and their environmental context. Adopting an adaptive, region-specific and population-focused approach is imperative, considering the diverse ecological contexts and varying degrees of susceptibility. Such an approach could improve and refine risk assessments while promoting mechanistic understandings of risks and impacts, thereby enabling the development of more effective conservation and management strategies.
Keywords: Europe, freshwater macroinvertebrates, long-term trends, non-native species, populationspread, population-level dynamics, risk assessments
Published in DiRROS: 19.02.2025; Views: 69; Downloads: 22
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