561. Nutrihealth study : seasonal variation in vitamin D status among the Slovenian adult and elderly populationMaša Hribar, Hristo Hristov, Matej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, Katja Zaletel, Adrijana Oblak, Joško Osredkar, Anita Kušar, Katja Žmitek, Irena Rogelj, Igor Pravst, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: 25(OH)vitamin D, biomarkers, dietary survey, public health, EU Menu, Slovenia, Europe
Published in DiRROS: 18.11.2025; Views: 166; Downloads: 114
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563. Comparative bioavailability of different coenzyme Q10 formulations in healthy elderly IndividualsIgor Pravst, Juan Carlos Rodríguez Aguilera, Ana Belen Cortes Rodriguez, Janja Jazbar, Igor Locatelli, Hristo Hristov, Katja Žmitek, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a central role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have shown the beneficial effects of dietary CoQ10 supplementation, particularly in relation to cardiovascular health. CoQ10 biosynthesis decreases in the elderly, and consequently, the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation in this population are of greater significance. However, most pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted on younger populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the single-dose bioavailability of different formulations of CoQ10 in a healthy geriatric population. A randomized, three-period, crossover bioavailability study was conducted on 21 healthy older adults (aged 65-74). The treatment was a single dose with a one-week washout period. Three different formulations containing the equivalent of 100 mg of CoQ10 were used: Q10Vital water-soluble CoQ10 syrup (the investigational product-IP); ubiquinol capsules (the comparative product-CP); and ubiquinone capsules (the standard product-SP). Ubiquinone/ubiquinol was followed in the plasma for 48 h. An analysis of the ratio of the area under the baseline-corrected concentration curve (deltaAUC48) for total CoQ10 and a comparison to SP yielded the following: The bioavailability of CoQ10 in the IP was 2.4-fold higher (95% CI: 1.3-4.5; p = 0.002), while the bioavailability of ubiquinol (CP) was not significantly increased (1.7-fold; 95% CI: 0.9%3.1, p = 0.129). No differences in the redox status of the absorbed coenzyme Q10 were observed between formulations, showing that CoQ10 appeared in the blood mostly as ubiquinol, even if consumed as ubiquinone.
Keywords: coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, Q10Vital, ubiquinone, ubiquinol, bioavailability, water-soluble formulations, the elderly
Published in DiRROS: 18.11.2025; Views: 154; Downloads: 74
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564. Effects of a combination of water-soluble coenzyme Q10 and collagen on skin parameters and condition : results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind studyKatja Žmitek, Janko Žmitek, Mirjam Rogl-Butina, Tina Pogačnik, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: skin, coenzyme Q10, collagen peptides, skin health, dermis density
Published in DiRROS: 18.11.2025; Views: 177; Downloads: 98
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565. Dietary lutein supplementation protects against ultraviolet-radiation-induced erythema : results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studyKatja Žmitek, Janko Žmitek, Mirjam Rogl-Butina, Hristo Hristov, Tina Pogačnik, Igor Pravst, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: lutein, minimal erythema dose, photoprotective activity, viscoelasticity, dermal density, carotenoids
Published in DiRROS: 18.11.2025; Views: 178; Downloads: 74
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566. Emergency medical services utilisation among febrile children attending emergency departments across Europe : an observational multicentre studyChantal D. Tan, Clementien L. Vermont, Joany M. Zachariasse, Ulrich Von Both, Irini Eleftheriou, Marieke Emonts, Michiel Van der Flier, Jethro Adam Herberg, Marko Pokorn, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Children constitute 6–10% of all patients attending the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical services (EMS). However, discordant EMS use in children occurs in 37–61% with fever as an important risk factor. We aimed to describe EMS utilisation among febrile children attending European EDs. This study is part of an observational multicentre study assessing management and outcome in febrile children up to 18 years (MOFICHE) attending twelve EDs in eight European countries. Discordant EMS use was defined as the absence of markers of urgency including intermediate/high triage urgency, advanced diagnostics, treatment, and admission in children transferred by EMS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between (1) EMS use and markers of urgency, and (2) patient characteristics and discordant EMS use after adjusting all analyses for the covariates age, gender, visiting hours, presenting symptoms, and ED setting. A total of 5464 (15%, range 0.1–42%) children attended the ED by EMS. Markers of urgency were more frequently present in the EMS group compared with the non-EMS group. Discordant EMS use occurred in 1601 children (29%, range 1–59%). Age and gender were not associated with discordant EMS use, whereas neurological symptoms were associated with less discordant EMS use (aOR 0.2, 95%CI 0.1–0.2), and attendance out of office hours was associated with more discordant EMS use (aOR 1.6, 95%CI 1.4–1.9). Settings with higher percentage of self-referrals to the ED had more discordant EMS use (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is large practice variation in EMS use in febrile children attending European EDs. Markers of urgency were more frequently present in children in the EMS group. However, discordant EMS use occurred in 29%. Further research is needed on non-medical factors influencing discordant EMS use in febrile children across Europe, so that pre-emptive strategies can be implemented.
Keywords: emergency medical services, emergency care, children, fever, paediatrics
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Views: 154; Downloads: 56
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567. Relationship between molecular pathogen detection and clinical disease in febrile children across Europe : a multicentre, prospective observational studyPriyen Shah, Marie Voice, Leonides Calvo-Bado, Irene Rivero Calle, Sophie Morris, Ruud Nijman, Claire Broderick, Tisham De, Mojca Kolnik, Katarina Vincek, Marko Pokorn, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Background: The PERFORM study aimed to understand causes of febrile childhood illness by comparing molecular pathogen detection with current clinical practice. Methods: Febrile children and controls were recruited on presentation to hospital in 9 European countries 2016–2020. Each child was assigned a standardized diagnostic category based on retrospective review of local clinical and microbiological data. Subsequently, centralised molecular tests (CMTs) for 19 respiratory and 27 blood pathogens were performed. Findings: Of 4611 febrile children, 643 (14%) were classified as definite bacterial infection (DB), 491 (11%) as definite viral infection (DV), and 3477 (75%) had uncertain aetiology. 1061 controls without infection were recruited. CMTs detected blood bacteria more frequently in DB than DV cases for N. meningitidis (OR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.92–5.99), S. pneumoniae (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 2.07–7.59), Group A streptococcus (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.13–6.09) and E. coli (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.02–6.71). Respiratory viruses were more common in febrile children than controls, but only influenza A (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.11–0.46), influenza B (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.37) and RSV (OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06–0.36) were less common in DB than DV cases. Of 16 blood viruses, enterovirus (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23–0.72) and EBV (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56–0.90) were detected less often in DB than DV cases. Combined local diagnostics and CMTs respectively detected blood viruses and respiratory viruses in 360 (56%) and 161 (25%) of DB cases, and virus detection ruled-out bacterial infection poorly, with predictive values of 0.64 and 0.68 respectively. Interpretation: Most febrile children cannot be conclusively defined as having bacterial or viral infection when molecular tests supplement conventional approaches. Viruses are detected in most patients with bacterial infections, and the clinical value of individual pathogen detection in determining treatment is low. New approaches are needed to help determine which febrile children require antibiotics.
Keywords: molecular diagnostics, diagnostic, febrile illness, infectious disease, bacterial infection, viral infection, respiratory infection
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Views: 164; Downloads: 66
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568. Raising AWaRe-ness of antimicrobial stewardship challenges in pediatric emergency care : results from the PERFORM study assessing consistency and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing across EuropeLaura Kolberg, Aakash Khanijau, Fabian Johannes Stanislaus Van der Velden, Jethro Adam Herberg, Tisham De, Rachel Galassini, Aubrey J. Cunnington, Victoria J. Wright, Marko Pokorn, Mojca Kolnik, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Optimization of antimicrobial stewardship is key to tackling antimicrobial resistance, which is exacerbated by overprescription of antibiotics in pediatric emergency departments (EDs). We described patterns of empiric antibiotic use in European EDs and characterized appropriateness and consistency of prescribing. Methods: Between August 2016 and December 2019, febrile children attending EDs in 9 European countries with suspected infection were recruited into the PERFORM (Personalised Risk Assessment in Febrile Illness to Optimise Real-Life Management) study. Empiric systemic antibiotic use was determined in view of assigned final “bacterial” or “viral” phenotype. Antibiotics were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) AWaRe classification. Results: Of 2130 febrile episodes (excluding children with nonbacterial/nonviral phenotypes), 1549 (72.7%) were assigned a bacterial and 581 (27.3%) a viral phenotype. A total of 1318 of 1549 episodes (85.1%) with a bacterial and 269 of 581 (46.3%) with a viral phenotype received empiric systemic antibiotics (in the first 2 days of admission). Of those, the majority (87.8% in the bacterial and 87.0% in the viral group) received parenteral antibiotics. The top 3 antibiotics prescribed were thirdgeneration cephalosporins, penicillins, and penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Of those treated with empiric systemic antibiotics in the viral group, 216 of 269 (80.3%) received ≥1 antibiotic in the “Watch” category. Conclusions: Differentiating bacterial from viral etiology in febrile illness on initial ED presentation remains challenging, resulting in a substantial overprescription of antibiotics. A significant proportion of patients with a viral phenotype received systemic antibiotics, predominantly classified as WHO Watch. Rapid and accurate point-of-care tests in the ED differentiating between bacterial and viral etiology could significantly improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Keywords: antimicrobial stewardship, pediatric emergency care, antibiotic prescription, AWaRe, infectious diseases
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Views: 120; Downloads: 86
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569. Sweet, fat and salty: snacks in vending machines in health and social care institutions in SloveniaUrška Rozman, Igor Pravst, Urška Pivk Kupirovič, Urška Blaznik, Primož Kocbek, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: snacks, vending machines, social care institutions, health care institutions, Slovenia
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Views: 177; Downloads: 76
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570. Spatial distribution of uranium and thorium in the soils of North MacedoniaTrajče Stafilov, Robert Šajn, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the spatial distribution and assess uranium and thorium contamination in the soils of North Macedonia. Topsoil samples (0–30 cm) were collected from 995 locations across the country on a 5 × 5 km grid. The soil samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using the total digestion method. The distribution of uranium and thorium in the soils is discussed according to the country’s 8 statistical regions, 15 major geological formations and 13 pedological units. The average uranium content is 2.1 mg/kg, ranging from <0.1 to 13 mg/kg (median 2.0 mg/kg), while the average thorium content is 9.3 mg/kg, ranging from 0.20 to 92 mg/kg (median 9.5 mg/kg). The spatial distribution patterns of U and Th in the soils of North Macedonia are very similar and are determined by geology (parent material and mineralisation). High uranium (2.9–13 mg/kg) and thorium (42–92 mg/kg) contents were found mainly in soils in the areas of Neogene and Palaeozoic igneous rocks and Neogene clastites (Pelagonian, East Macedonian zone), as well as in the Kratovo-Zletovo Massif in the north-eastern part of the country and in the Kožuf Mountains in the central and southern parts, where Neogene igneous rocks predominate. According to the pedological units, the hydromorphic soils (mean content of 2.9 mg/kg U and 12 mg/kg Th) in the valleys of the country’s main rivers, which predominate in the western part, were the richest for these elements.
Keywords: uranium, thorium, soil, statistical regions, geological formation, pedological units, North Macedonia
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Views: 108; Downloads: 36
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