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1262. Human hair certified reference material for total mercury, methylmercury, and trace element analysesAkane Yamakawa, Kimiyo Nagano, Kaoru Onishi, Miyuki Ukachi, Milena Horvat, Adna Alilović, Polona Klemenčič, Ermira Begu, Marta Jagodic Hudobivnik, Keisuke Uchida, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) developed the NIES CRM No. 13-a, a new certified reference material for human hair, using scalp hair from Asian females. This CRM represents a significant advancement in support of global mercury exposure assessments and offers unparalleled reliability and scope compared with existing materials. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the preparation, certification, and application of NIES CRM No. 13-a. In total, 806 bottles (3 g each) were produced, with thorough homogenization ensured through sieving and blending. Certified values for total mercury (1.06 ± 0.07 mg/kg), methylmercury (0.858 ± 0.075 mg/kg), and key trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead, selenium, and zinc) were determined through extensive collaborative analyses involving 20 laboratories. Additional reference values were provided for calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, antimony, barium, copper, iron, and manganese. Rigorous stability and homogeneity assessments demonstrated the stability of the CRM for over 10 years and consistency across sample units, even for challenging elements such as selenium. The CRM also includes information values of stable mercury isotope ratios, reflecting their growing importance as exposure tracers. This enhancement in accuracy and traceability facilitates accurate mercury and trace element assessments in human hair, enabling improved biomonitoring of mercury exposure, dietary studies, toxicological evaluations, human health risk evaluations, and regulatory compliance.
Keywords: metilirano živo srebro, methylmercury, certified reference material
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2025; Views: 323; Downloads: 129
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1263. Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidiaViacheslav Spirin, Vera Malysheva, Ilya Viner, Renato Lúcio Mendes Alvarenga, Tine Grebenc, Gérald Gruhn, Anton Savchenko, Django Grootmyers, Leif Ryvarden, Josef Vlasák, Karl-Henrik Larsson, R. Henrik Nilsson, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: In the present paper, we revise the taxonomy of the Auriculariales having pedunculate (stalked) basidia. In total, sixteen new species from Europe, East Asia, North and South America, and tropical Africa are described. They are classified among the genera Hydrophana, Mycostilla, Myxarium, Protoacia, Protohydnum, and Protomerulius. In addition, the generic affiliation of eleven extant species is re-established based on phylogenetic and/or morphological evidence. A new genus, Elmericium, is introduced to accommodate a crust-like fungus, E. alabastrinum, from East Asia; phylogenetic data place it in the vicinity of the anatomically similar poroid genera Elmerina and Protodaedalea (Auriculariaceae). The generic description of Protohydnum is amended; in its current scope, the genus encompasses several species formerly assigned to Bourdotia, Ductifera, and Exidiopsis. Available environmental data point to a wider distribution of some Protomerulius spp. and greater species diversity in the genus than currently surmised from physical fungal samples.
Keywords: heterobasidiomycetes, phylogeny, soil sequences, taxonomy
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2025; Views: 291; Downloads: 121
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1264. Irrigation systems as reservoirs of diverse and pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strains endangering crop healthMarina Anteljević, Iva Rosić, Olja Medić, Tamara Ranković, Karolina Sunjog, Margareta Kračun-Kolarević, Stoimir Kolarević, Tanja Dreo, Aleksander Benčič, Tanja Berić, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Pseudomonas syringae (Psy) is a widely distributed bacterial species complex primarily recognized as a foliar pathogen but also inhabits diverse environments, including water habitats, where strains closely related to agricultural pathogens have been identified. The connection between Psy-caused epidemics and its potential presence in nearby irrigation systems remains underexplored. This study comprehensively examined the Psy complex in the Danube-Tisa-Danube Hydrosystem (DTD) in Serbia, assessing its abundance, phylogenetic diversity, and pathogenic potential. To reduce the reliance on the time-consuming steps of isolation and identification, we developed novel high-specific primers and probes for precise detection of strains belonging to phylogroup 2 within Psy complex. Our results demonstrated that dPCR, coupled with highly specific and sensitive primers, outperformed both traditional plating and qPCR in detecting the Psy complex and phylogroup 2 in irrigation waters, making Psy diagnostics more effective. Phylogenetic analysis indicated high strain diversity within the DTD, identifying phylogroups 1, 2, 7, 12, and 13 and haplotypes linked to strains previously encountered in epidemics on sugar beet in Serbia. Notably, 66.67% of the isolates from the DTD were capable of inducing disease. Phylogroup 2 isolates displayed a broad host range, suggesting that the dissemination of Psy from DTD through irrigation, poses a substantial threat to crop health and agricultural productivity.
Keywords: phytopathogen detection, irrigation, qPCR, dPCR
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2025; Views: 322; Downloads: 130
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1265. Achieving measurement comparability in mercury speciation analysis in seawater : Key requirements and best practicesIgor Živković, Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida, Mariia V. Petrova, Aurélie Dufour, Ermira Begu, Milena Horvat, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The comparability of measurement results is an important issue in contemporary mercury (Hg) speciation in seawater. Sampling campaigns must be properly designed to determine significant differences on spatial and temporal scales, considering two major parameters: the variability of expected data at a given sampling point/ transect and variability in the results due to the intrinsic properties of specific analytical methods, particularly the measurement uncertainty. This study assessed the required sample size, considering several aspects of data variability when determining total Hg, dissolved gaseous Hg, and methylated Hg species in seawater. The required sample sizes were calculated using (1) the measurement uncertainty of a single-laboratory measurement of analytical methods used; (2) performance of the laboratories in interlaboratory comparison exercises; and (3) natural variability in Hg species/fractions in a selected case study in the Central Adriatic Sea. It was shown that the measurement uncertainty of a particular method and interlaboratory variability among laboratories have significant influence on data interpretation in case natural variability of Hg fractions is relatively small, such as for example the open seawater depth profiles. In contrary, in areas with large natural variability of Hg con tractions, such as coastal and contaminated sites, their influence on data interpretation is negligible. The present paper introduces the importance of proper estimation of measurement uncertainty in international programs, such as GEOTRACES, where data comparability is of fundamental importance to assess temporal and spatial trends of Hg measurements in the marine environment
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2025; Views: 334; Downloads: 87
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