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602. Balancing health and socioeconomic impacts : a uniform framework for evaluating non-pharmaceutical interventionsMatjaž Gams, Anže Marinko, Nina Reščič, Aljoša Vodopija, Sophie Vandepitte, Delphine De Smedt, Jana S. Javornik, Franc Strle, Vito Janko, David Susič, Zoja Anžur, Mitja Luštrek, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This paper introduces a uniform evaluation framework for assessing the effectiveness of past non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in managing infectious diseases, taking into account the cultural and social differences between countries. The framework enables quantifying and finding the optimal balance of both the health and socioeconomic impacts of NPIs. The aim is to assist policymakers in understanding which NPIs lead to the optimal balance by highlighting unnecessary costs - the costs that could be avoided while maintaining the same infection rates. To assess the extent of unnecessary socioeconomic consequences experienced by a country during a past epidemic of infectious diseases, we use the following approach. First, we develop a model that predicts the number of infections from NPIs in a country. Second, we estimate the socioeconomic costs (SEC) of the NPIs universally for countries included in the study. Third, we develop a model that prescribes the NPI plans with the optimal trade-off between the number of infections and the SEC. Fourth, we create a model that specifically adjusts each country’s SEC. Finally, we provide additional analysis to increase comprehension of the effects of NPIs. Demonstrated through an analysis of COVID-19 pandemic responses in 17 countries, the study offers a systematic presentation of the framework and a concrete examination of the integrated effects of NPIs. It provides insights into interventions’ direct and indirect consequences, offering guidance for future epidemic responses. The framework enables a systematic understanding of the effects of the NPIs applied, acknowledging the national diversity in health measure acceptance and implementation. This allows for fair analysis across countries, identifying and displaying the economic, social, and health-related costs of suboptimal NPI strategies, i.e., unnecessary costs. The framework is applicable for any infectious disease, NPIs, or country, assuming the medical interventions are similar, e.g., timing and amount of vaccination
Keywords: Bombus dahlbomii, Patagonian bumblebee, invasive species, population dynamics, socioeconomic consequences, infectious diseases
Published in DiRROS: 14.11.2025; Views: 166; Downloads: 94
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603. A risk score to predict kidney survival in patients with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease at the age of two monthsKathrin Burgmaier, Samuel Kilian, Klaus Arbeiter, Bahriye Atmis, Olivia Boyer, Anja Katrin Buescher, Ismail Dursun, 2025, review article Abstract: Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a severe hepatorenal fibrocystic disorder. Its rareness and the variability of disease courses have been major obstacles for the establishment of clinical trials on treatment of kidney disease in ARPKD. In this observational study we characterized kidney disease progression in a very large cohort of up to 658 patients with the clinical diagnosis of ARPKD and identified risk factors associated with rapid kidney disease progression. The estimated probability of kidney failure by the age of 20 years was 50.1% (95% confidence interval 42.2%‒57.0%), with earlier kidney failure in specific subgroups. Mean yearly estimated glomerular filtration rate decline after the first year of life was 1.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 during childhood and adolescence in the overall cohort, ranging from 0.5 to 2.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in various subgroups. Furthermore, we developed prediction models for the relative risk of early kidney failure to be applied at the age of two months in daily clinical life. The finally chosen predictor set for a score based on a Cox model encompassed five factors: gestational age at oligo- or anhydramnios, gestational age at birth, functional genotype, serum creatinine (mg/dl) as well as documentation of arterial hypertension at the age of two months. The derived simple prognostic score showed good prediction performance, especially in the first three years of life. It reliably identified patients who are not at risk of early kidney failure and may be helpful to identify patients at risk of more rapid disease progression that could benefit from novel therapeutic interventions.
Keywords: ciliopathies, fibrocystic hepatorenal disease, fibrocystin, kidney survival, polycystic kidney disease
Published in DiRROS: 14.11.2025; Views: 195; Downloads: 78
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604. Intestinal involvement in graft versus host disease in children : an overview by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology CommitteeMarina Vincent, Amit Assa, Osvaldo Borrelli, Matjaž Homan, Javier Martin-de-Carpi, Zrinjka Mišak, Maria Giovanna Puoti, Isabelle Scheers, Sara Sila, Caterina Strisciuglio, Christos Tzivinikos, Jernej Dolinšek, Emmanuel Mas, 2025, review article Abstract: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a complication that frequently occurs afterhaematopoietic stem cell transplantation and concerns many children in paediatrichaematology‐oncology and bone marrow transplantation departments. It can affectvarious organs, with the skin, gastrointestinal tract and liver being the most com-monly involved. To confirm intestinal GVHD and to rule out differential diagnosesendoscopy is frequently needed. Currently, there are no specific consensus rec-ommendations concerning the best method for endoscopic exploration and medicalmanagement of this disease in children, with limited studies available, including alow number of patients. Sigmoidoscopy could be initially proposed under sedation. Ifsigmoidoscopy is normal or if a general anaesthesia is required, colonoscopy andupper endoscopy should be planned, avoiding duodenal biopsy because of the riskof duodenal haematoma. Regarding therapeutic options, corticosteroids are thefirst‐line treatment for GVHD. Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is indicated forchildren aged 12 years and older with acute or chronic GVHD who have aninadequate response to corticosteroids or other systemic therapies. Nutritionalsupport has a key role in the management of intestinal GVHD and should beconsidered to guarantee the best possible evolution of intestinal GVHD.
Keywords: GVHD, children, complication, endoscopy, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, intestine
Published in DiRROS: 14.11.2025; Views: 146; Downloads: 79
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610. What is a circular economy champion? Defining a home-grown concept in an emerging fieldDolores Modic, Sahana Swaroop Chetan, Shajara Ul-Durar, Noman Arshed, Marco De Sisto, Nadja Damij, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Circular economy, which aims to keep resources in production cycles and minimize waste, has emerged as a viable alternative to the traditional linear model. However, it is often criticized for being under-theorized and lacking indigenous, home-grown concepts, particularly regarding fundamental elements such as actors and actor types. This paper focuses on a specific actor: the circular economy champion. Circular economy champions can drive the transition toward a more circular economy, yet the concept remains under-conceptualized despite a growing body of literature. The aims of this study are twofold: first, to highlight the importance of home-grown concepts in emerging fields; and second, to address the ambiguity surrounding the terminology of “circular economy champion” by providing a novel conceptualization. The paper develops this concept using a family resemblance approach, employing differentiation criteria through a piecemeal method and underpinned by a theoretical review of the literature. By extending both the scope of actor types and, based on their traits, the range of their attributes, activities, and contributions to the circular economy, the concept of the circular economy champion is further delineated from related constructs and firmly defined. This contributes to circular economy discourse by proposing a novel definition of a key actor within the circular economy system, thus strengthening its theoretical foundations. Moreover, the proposed definition reduces ambiguity in understanding actors’ roles within the circular economy, further clarifying its microfoundations.
Keywords: circular economy, actor, circular economy champion, concept development
Published in DiRROS: 13.11.2025; Views: 164; Downloads: 85
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