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534. Combined climate and chemical stressors : how spatial variability shapes the response of Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and heatwaves, and what it means for ecotoxicologyVerdiana Vellani, Manuela Piccardo, Francesca Provenza, Serena Anselmi, Valentina Pitacco, Lovrenc Lipej, Stanislao Bevilacqua, Monia Renzi, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Ficopomatus enigmaticus, a reef-forming serpulid, has emerged as a promising candidate for biomonitoring and ecotoxicology studies. Recent research has focused on adult stress responses, highlighting the need to understand population-specific responses. This study employed a multi-biomarker approach to investigate how F. enigmaticus adults from two populations in the NE Adriatic (Site A) and NE Tyrrhenian (Site B) responded to chronic exposure to heat and chemical stress (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), individually and in combination. The analysis detected significant differences in protein content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) between populations. Notably, no oxidative damage (measured as lipid peroxidation, LPO) was detected in any population or treatment. Similarly, no significant differences were detected in the integrated biomarker response index (IBRv2i). However, lower IBRv2i values at Site A suggested reduced stress conditions, possibly indicating that this site may have lower baseline stress. Overall, treatment effects were limited and site-specific: only the combined heat and DMSO exposure at Site A lowered GST activity compared to heat stress alone. Nevertheless, both populations exhibited broadly similar biochemical response patterns to stress. Our findings deepen the understanding of stress physiology in F. enigmaticus, underscoring the ecological importance of multi-stressor approaches in environmental monitoring.
Keywords: ecotoxicology, wild populations, biomarkers, heat stress, combined stress, population responses
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 121; Downloads: 90
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536. Tartary buckwheat grain as a source of bioactive compounds in husked groatsIvan Kreft, Aleksandra Golob, Blanka Vombergar, Mateja Germ, 2023, review article Abstract: Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) originates in mountain regions of Western China, and is cultivated in China, Bhutan, Northern India, Nepal, and Central Europe. The content of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat grain and groats is much higher than in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and depends on ecological conditions, such as UV-B radiation. Buckwheat intake has preventative effects in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, due to its content of bioactive substances. The main bioactive compounds in Tartary buckwheat groats are flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). There are differences in the bioactivities of buckwheat groats obtained using different husking technologies, based on husking raw or pretreated grain. Husking hydrothermally pretreated grain is among the traditional ways of consuming buckwheat in Europe and some parts of China and Japan. During hydrothermal and other processing of Tartary buckwheat grain, a part of rutin is transformed to quercetin, the degradation product of rutin. By adjusting the humidity of materials and the processing temperature, it is possible to regulate the degree of conversion of rutin to quercetin. Rutin is degraded to quercetin in Tartary buckwheat grain due to the enzyme rutinosidase. The high-temperature treatment of wet Tartary buckwheat grain is able to prevent the transformation of rutin to quercetin.
Keywords: Fagopyrum tataricum, Fagopyrum esculentum, flavonoids, rutin, quercetin, food, grain, groats, metabolites
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 148; Downloads: 73
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537. A crop of high nutritional quality and health maintenance value : The importance of tartary buckwheat breedingIvan Kreft, Aleksandra Golob, Mateja Germ, 2023, review article Abstract: Abstract Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.), originating in the Himalayan area, is cultivated in central Asia and northern, central, and eastern Europe. Tartary buckwheat grain and sprouts are rich in flavonoid metabolites rutin and quercetin. The synthesis of flavonoids in plants is accelerated by UV-B solar radiation to protect the plants against radiation damage. During Tartary buckwheat food processing, a part of rutin is enzymatically converted to quercetin. Rutin and quercetin are able to pass the blood–brain barrier. Studies have investigated the effects of rutin and quercetin on blood flow to the brain, consequently bringing more nutrients and oxygen to the brain, and causing improved brain function. In addition to the impact on blood flow, rutin and quercetin have been shown to have antioxidative properties. The goals of breeding Tartary buckwheat are mainly to maintain and enhance the high nutritional quality. The goals could be reached via the breeding of Tartray buckwheat for larger cotyledons. Other main breeding efforts should be concentrated on the easy husking of the grain, the prevention of seed shattering, and the improvement in growth habits to obtain uniformity in grain ripening and a stable and high yield.
Keywords: Fagopyrum tataricum, flavonoids, rutin, quercetin, food, nutrition, breeding
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 119; Downloads: 62
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538. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of rutabaga (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica) rootsMonika Cifrová, Alena Vollmannová, Tomáš Tóth, Marek Šnirc, Ivan Kreft, 2024, review article Abstract: This study aimsto determine the totalcontent of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity by DPPH spectrophotometricallyin rutabaga (Brassica napusL. var. napobrassica) samples, cultivated in the Trenčín region, in the Púchov district, at the border of the White Carpathian and Javorníky mountains, Slovakia. For analysis were used three types of rutabaga, named after the collection sites(Mestečko, Lúky 1, Lúky 2). The total polyphenol content in rutabaga was ranging from 2.41 (Mestečko) to 2.82 mg GAE.g-1dry weight (Lúky2).It was established that that the studied rutabaga samplesdo not show a significant difference in the total content of polyphenols between the collection locations.In theantioxidant activity of rutabaga, differences were confirmed in AAs. A statistical difference was established between locations Lúky 2 and Mestečko.DPPH radical scavenging activity values were from 5,19 (Mestečko) to 7,49 μmol TE.g-1 DW (Lúky 2). Spearman's test showed a positive relationship between both methods used. Theseresults confirm the promising potential of rutabaga use in functional food preparation.
Keywords: rutabaga, polyphenols, antioxidant activity
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 127; Downloads: 69
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539. A systematic assessment of the revised Nutri-Score algorithm : potentials for the implementation of front-of-package nutrition labeling across EuropeEdvina Hafner, Igor Pravst, 2024, review article Abstract: Front-of-package nutrition labeling (FOPNL) is an important public health tool, and the introduction of harmonized FOPNL in Europe is one of the most ambitious food labeling changes in decades. Nutri-Score (NS) has been considered for implementation across Europe. However, NS is subject to strong opposition, particularly from the food industry and some agricultural sectors (such as cheese and cured meat), but also from some nutrition scientists and public health professionals, which highlights that the system is not sufficiently aligned with food-based dietary guidelines and the latest scientific literature. These concerns were recently addressed in a revised version of NS (NS2023), aiming to overcome the limitations of its predecessor (NS2021). Our aim was to assess whether these limitations were addressed and to investigate their alignment with dietary guidelines. A systematic literature review identified 20 limitations of NS, assigned to 3 groups (Food-based, Component-based, and Other Dimensions of Food Quality). Subsequent assessment of NS employed a large representative branded food database of 19,510 pre-packed foods. Alignment with dietary guidelines was assessed based on agreement with the WHO Europe nutrient profile (WHOE). NS2023 was shown as notably stricter compared to NS2021 (7% fewer products received the higher grades A or B) and more aligned with WHOE (κNS2021 = .59, κNS2023 = .65). Overall, most (65%) of the limitations were addressed to some extent; these were mostly Food-based limitations, followed by Component-based, whereas the Other Dimension of Food Quality (processing, sustainability, portion sizes) remained mostly unaddressed. We can conclude that the revised NS2023 increased its potential for implementation across Europe. Our review identified all limitations, relevant or not, which were mentioned in the scientific literature. Therefore, some mentioned limitations may never be solvable in the scope of nutrient profiling. Others could be further addressed by adaptation of the visual presentation, but increased complexity of the labeling message would also reduce the potential of the FOPNL to support consumers in healthier food choices. Additional research is also necessary to explore the potential impact of the revised NS2023 on food reformulation and its perception among consumers.
Keywords: food policy, food supply, front-of-package labeling, nutrient profiling, Nutri-Score
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 138; Downloads: 75
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540. Assessing the average sodium content of prepacked foods with nutrition declarations : the importance of sales dataŽiva Lavriša, Igor Pravst, 2014, original scientific article Abstract: Processed foods are recognized as a major contributor to high dietary sodium intake, associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Different public health actions are being introduced to reduce sodium content in processed foods and sodium intake in general. A gradual reduction of sodium content in processed foods was proposed in Slovenia, but monitoring sodium content in the food supply is essential to evaluate the progress. Our primary objective was to test a new approach for assessing the sales-weighted average sodium content of prepacked foods on the market. We show that a combination of 12-month food sales data provided by food retailers covering the majority of the national market and a comprehensive food composition database compiled using food labelling data represent a robust and cost-effective approach to assessing the sales-weighted average sodium content of prepacked foods. Food categories with the highest sodium content were processed meats (particularly dry cured meat), ready meals (especially frozen pizza) and cheese. The reported results show that in most investigated food categories, market leaders in the Slovenian market have lower sodium contents than the category average. The proposed method represents an excellent tool for monitoring sodium content in the food supply.
Keywords: food composition, sodium, salt, processed foods, food labelling, nutrition claims, health claims, food supply
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 144; Downloads: 80
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