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92. Effects of climate on leaf phenolics, insect herbivory, and their relationship in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) across its geographic range in EuropeElena Valdés‑Correcher, Yasmine Kadiri, Audrey Bourdin, Anna Mrazova, Flavius Balacenoiu, Manuela Branco, Michal Bogdziewicz, Mona Chor Bjørn, Thomas Damestoy, Jovan Dobrosavljević, Maarten De Groot, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: An increase in biotic interactions towards lower latitudes is one of the most consistent patterns in ecology. Higher temperatures and more stable climatic conditions at low latitudes are thought to enhance biotic interactions, accelerating biological evolution and leading to stronger anti-herbivore defences in plants. However, some studies report contradictory findings, highlighting the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. We used a combination of field observations and feeding trials in controlled environments to investigate the effect of climate on chemical defences and insect herbivory in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe, while controlling for physical defences. The concentration of lignin, flavonoids, and total phenolics increased significantly with temperature, whereas both field herbivory and weight of spongy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae were negatively influenced by temperature. Lignin concentration positively influenced the weight of spongy moth larvae whereas it had no effect on field herbivory. We found no evidence of strong positive relationships between insect herbivory and larvae growth with leaf defences. Our study underscores the complexity of plant–herbivore interactions along climatic gradients and highlights the need for further research to disentangle these intricate relationships.
Keywords: leaf chemical defences, Lymantria dispar, larvae biomass, pant–insect interactions
Published in DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Views: 49; Downloads: 14
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93. Report: Workshop on connecting Knowledge Graphs with BioChatterCyril Pommier, Sebastian Beier, Pedro Miguel Barros, Johann Confais, Nicolas Francillonne, Hugo Rodrigues, Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae, Ryokei Tanaka, Bruno Costa, Carissa Bleker, 2025, other monographs and other completed works Keywords: knowledge graphs, artificial intelligence, plant science
Published in DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Views: 53; Downloads: 21
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94. Comprehensive insights into Pseudo-nitzschia research in the Adriatic Sea : diverse perspectives and emerging discoveriesTimotej Turk Dermastia, Janja Francé, Jasna Arapov, Francesca Neri, Stefano Accoroni, Cecilia Totti, Federica Cerino, Maria Immacolata Ferrante, Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry, Stefania Finotto, Jelena Godrijan, Dragana Drakulović, Patricija Mozetič, 2025, review article Abstract: Pseudo-nitzschia, a globally distributed diatom genus, dominates phytoplankton communities in biomass and abundance, with some species producing domoic acid (DA), the neurotoxin responsible for Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP). The Adriatic Sea has become a hub of Pseudo-nitzschia research over the past 15 years. This review synthesizes multidisciplinary research across Adriatic sub-basins, integrating morphological, genetic, and ecological data. While ASP has never been documented in the Adriatic, DA was occasionally detected in shellfish. The production was linked to toxic species such as P. multistriata, P. calliantha, and P. galaxiae, which were found to produce DA in cultures from Adriatic isolates. Despite progress, LM-based monitoring remains prevalent, underestimating species complexity and toxigenic potential. Electron microscopy and genetic barcoding have nonetheless revealed new insights into the species composition of this genus in Adriatic. A total of 14 species have been reported so far with prominent regional disparity: the northern and middle Adriatic host higher diversity, contrasting with the southern Adriatic, where only five species were confirmed, and research remains sparse. Seasonal dynamics show summer-autumn peaks in abundance, though interannual and regional variability is notable. We present recent advances from the Adriatic including the discovery of Pseudo-nitzschia-infecting viruses, population genomic insights in P. multistriata, and metabarcoding-driven revelations of cryptic diversity. Finally, we highlight critical knowledge gaps, including the ecological drivers of toxicity and the impacts of oligotrophication on community shifts. Collaborative, high-resolution methodologies (e.g., omics, automated imaging) are urged to address emerging challenges under climate change and anthropogenic pressures.
Keywords: Adriatic, Pseudo-nitzschia, diversity, ecology
Published in DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Views: 55; Downloads: 20
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95. Verjetnostna napoved sanitarnega poseka smreke zaradi podlubnikov v Sloveniji v 2025Nikica Ogris, Maarten De Groot, 2025, other scientific articles Abstract: Naredili smo verjetnostno napoved sanitarnega poseka navadne smreke zaradi podlubnikov v 2025 v Sloveniji. Napoved smo naredili s pomočjo prostorskega modela, ki je bil razvit z logistično regresijo in ima ločljivost 1 km × 1 km. Napoved modela temelji na podatkih iz lanskega leta. Sanitarni posek smreke zaradi podlubnikov se bo v letu 2025 verjetno zgodil v 52,6 % modelskih celic s smreko. Med najbolj ogroženimi so naslednja gozdnogospodarska območja: Slovenj Gradec, Nazarje in Kranj.
Keywords: navadna smreka, Picea abies, sanitarni posek, napoved, prognoza, model, smrekovi podlubniki, ogroženost, Ips typographus, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Views: 56; Downloads: 17
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96. Hazard characterization of the mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human healthAnne-Cathrin Behr, Christiane Kruse Fæste, Amaya Azqueta, Ana P. M. Tavares, Anastasia Spyropoulou, Anita Solhaug, Ann-Karin Olsen, Ariane Vettorazzi, Bojana Žegura, Matjaž Novak, 2025, review article Abstract: Enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are cyclic hexadepsipeptide fungal metabolites which have demonstrated antibiotic, antimycotic, and insecticidal activities. The substantial toxic potentials of these mycotoxins are associated with their ionophoric molecular properties and relatively high lipophilicities. ENNs occur extensively in grain and grain-derived products and are considered a food safety issue by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The tolerable daily intake and maximum levels for ENNs in humans and animals remain unestablished due to key toxicological and toxicokinetic data gaps, preventing full risk assessment. Aiming to find critical data gaps impeding hazard characterization and risk evaluation, this review presents a comprehensive summary of the existing information from in vitro and in vivo studies on toxicokinetic characteristics and cytotoxic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, endocrine, reproductive and developmental effects of the most prevalent ENN analogues (ENN A, A1, B, B1) and BEA. The missing information identified showed that additional studies on ENNs and BEA have to be performed before sufficient data for an in-depth hazard characterisation of these mycotoxins become available.
Keywords: enniatins, beauvericin, genotoxicity, endocrine effects, immunotoxicology, toxicokinetics
Published in DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Views: 57; Downloads: 19
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97. Hermenevtika pričevanja : Znanstvena monografijaManca Erzetič, 2023, scientific monograph Abstract: Delo podaja konceptualizacijo fenomena pričevanja, ki je oprta na filozofske nastavke njegove obravnave pri Heideggru, Gadamerju, Arendtovi, Ricoeurju, Derridaju in Agambenu. Manca Erzetič teoretsko raven premisleka pričevanja ob tem sooči s širšo tematiko izpričevanja zgodovinske situacijo 20. stoletja, predvsem kar zadeva izkušnjo totalitarističnega nasilja. Primo Levi kot pričevalec Auschwitza jo je strnil v reklo Ali je to človek. Za njegovo polno razumevanje je po avtoričinem vpogledu potrebno vzeti v zakup še zgodovinsko okoliščino Auschwitza po Auschwitzu. V drugem delu knjige tako sledi obravnava različnih možnosti izpričevanja človeškosti, skupaj z njegovo nemožnostjo ali prepovedjo, kakor je, recimo doletela žrtve Golega otoka. Refleksija literarnega vidika pričevanja, ki vključuje pesnike, kot so Srečko Kosovel, Niko Grafenauer in Boris A. Novak, je posebej obeležena v neposrednem pričevanjskem razgovoru Mance Erzetič z Borisom Pahorjem, osrednjim slovenskim pričevalcem 20. stoletja. Prav pričevanjska izkušnja Borisa Pahorja, ki je vseskozi zaznamovana z grožnjo odtegnitve domovinskosti, omogoči uvid, da ni eksistencialno ranljiv le posameznik po svojih življenjskih situacijah, pač pa je vselej zgodovinsko ranljiv tudi svet, v katerem je človeku biti. Eksistencialno določilo biti-priča, ki ga je potrebno pojmovno razločiti od faktične pozicije pričevalca, kakor tudi od aktualizacije izpričevanja, tako zasnavlja smiselne horizonte zgodovinskega dogajanja, ki bi sicer ostali nerazpoznavni.
Keywords: osebna pričevanja, pričevanje, izpričevanje, hermenevtika pričevanja, jaz, doživljanje, osebnost, čas, eksistencialna situacija, zgodovinsko izkustvo, spomin, bit, smisel, jezikovni izraz, avtobiografska književnost, pričevanjska literatura, totalitaritem, koncentracijska taborišča
Published in DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Views: 68; Downloads: 13
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98. The application of digital PCR as a reference measurement procedure to support the accuracy of quality assurance for infectious disease molecular diagnostic testingSamreen Falak, Denise M O’Sullivan, Megan H. Cleveland, Simon Cowen, Eloise J. Busby, Alison S. Devonshire, Esmeralda Valiente, Gerwyn M. Jones, Martin Kammel, Mojca Milavec, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) assist in the diagnosis of numerous infectious diseases. They are typically sensitive and specific and can be quickly developed and adapted. Far more challenging is the development of standards to ensure NAATs are performing within specification; reference materials take time to develop and suitable reference measurement procedures (RMPs) have not been available. This study investigated digital PCR (dPCR) RMP delivery of traceability for NAAT external quality assessment (EQA). METHODS: Three National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) applied reverse transcription (RT)-dPCR as a candidate RMP to estimate the RNA quantity in 32 independent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 materials. The results were combined to value assign the respective materials: 21 materials were used in 6 rounds of EQA over 17 months for 61 laboratories for COVID-19 testing results compared with reference values. RESULTS: The agreement between the 3 NMIs showed <2-fold difference between laboratories. EQA laboratory reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RTqPCR) values estimation of viral RNA quantity showed good median agreement with RT-dPCR reference value; however, RT-qPCR differences were generally between 10- and 50-fold between laboratories. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates how RT-dPCR can provide reference values for whole virus materials for NAAT quality assurance. RT-dPCR values guided EQA control material selection and provided EQA participants with traceability to RNA copy number delivered through the RMP. This approach can be used to support routine reference material use as well as to standardize quality assurance for NAATs where established reference materials are not available, such as in disease outbreaks.
Keywords: nucleic acid amplification tests, dPCR, reference measurement procedure, external quality assessment, SARS-CoV-2
Published in DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Views: 43; Downloads: 20
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99. On independent coalition in graphs and independent coalition graphsSaeid Alikhani, Davood Bakhshesh, Hamidreza Golmohammadi, Sandi Klavžar, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: An independent coalition in a graph G consists of two disjoint, independent vertex sets V1 and V2, such that neither V1 nor V2 is a dominating set, but the union V1∪V2 is an independent dominating set of G. An independent coalition partition of G is a partition {V1,…,Vk} of V(G) such that for every i∈[k], either the set Vi consists of a single dominating vertex of G, or Vi forms an independent coalition with some other part Vj. The independent coalition number IC(G) of G is the maximum order of an independent coalition of G. The independent coalition graph ICG(G,π) of π={V1,…,Vk} (and of G) has the vertex set {V1,…,Vk}, vertices Vi and Vj being adjacent if Vi and Vj form an independent coalition in G. In this paper, a large family of graphs with IC(G)=0 is described and graphs G with IC(G)∈{n(G),n(G)−1} characterized. Some properties of ICG(G,π) are presented. The independent coalition graphs of paths are characterized, and the independent coalition graphs of cycles described.
Keywords: dominating set, independent set, independent coalition, independent coalition number, independent coalition graphs
Published in DiRROS: 11.04.2025; Views: 85; Downloads: 34
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