1. Physiological and transcriptional responses to saline irrigation of young ‘Tempranillo’ vines grafted onto different rootstocksIgnacio Buesa, Juan G. Pérez-Pérez, Fernando Visconti, Rebeka Strah, Diego S. Intrigliolo, Luis Bonet, Kristina Gruden, Maruša Pompe Novak, Jose M. de Paz, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The use of more salt stress-tolerant vine rootstocks can be a sustainable strategy for adapting traditional grapevine cultivars to future conditions. However, how the new M1 and M4 rootstocks perform against salinity compared to conventional ones, such as the 1103-Paulsen, had not been previously assessed under real field conditions. Therefore, a field trial was carried out in a young ‘Tempranillo’ (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard grafted onto all three rootstocks under a semi-arid and hot-summer Mediterranean climate. The vines were irrigated with two kinds of water: a non-saline Control with EC of 0.8 dS m–1 and a Saline treatment with 3.5 dS m–1. Then, various physiological parameters were assessed in the scion, and, additionally, gene expression was studied by high throughput sequencing in leaf and berry tissues. Plant water relations evidenced the osmotic effect of water quality, but not that of the rootstock. Accordingly, leaf-level gas exchange rates were also reduced in all three rootstocks, with M1 inducing significantly lower net photosynthesis rates than 1103-Paulsen. Nevertheless, the expression of groups of genes involved in photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism pathways were not significantly and differentially expressed. The irrigation with saline water significantly increased leaf chloride contents in the scion onto the M-rootstocks, but not onto the 1103P. The limitation for leaf Cl– and Na+ accumulation on the scion was conferred by rootstock. Few processes were differentially regulated in the scion in response to the saline treatment, mainly, in the groups of genes involved in the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids metabolic pathways. However, these transcriptomic effects were not fully reflected in grape phenolic ripeness, with M4 being the only one that did not cause reductions in these compounds in response to salinity, and 1103-Paulsen having the highest overall concentrations. These results suggest that all three rootstocks confer short-term salinity tolerance to the scion. The lower transcriptomic changes and the lower accumulation of potentially phytotoxic ions in the scion grafted onto 1103-Paulsen compared to M-rootstocks point to the former being able to maintain this physiological response in the longer term. Further agronomic trials should be conducted to confirm these effects on vine physiology and transcriptomics in mature vineyards.
Keywords: osmotic adjustment, gas exchange, gene expression, water relations, Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), salinity tolerance
Published in DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Views: 125; Downloads: 101
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2. Combined effects of early season leaf removal and climatic conditions on aroma precursors in Sauvignon blanc grapesPaolo Sivilotti, Branka Škvarč, Lorena Butinar, Melita Sternad Lemut, Klemen Lisjak, Andreja Vanzo, 2017, original scientific article Abstract: Early leaf removal around the cluster zone is a common technique applied in cool climate viticulture, to regulate yield components and improve fruit quality. Despite the increasing amount of information on early leaf removal and its impact on total soluble solids, anthocyanins and polyphenols, less is known regarding aroma compounds. In order to verify the hypothesis that defoliation, applied before or after flowering, could impact the biosynthesis of thiol precursors, we performed a two year (2013 and 2014) experiment on Sauvignon blanc. We provided evidence that differential accumulation of thiols precursors in berries is affected by the timing of defoliation and this impact was related to modifications in biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, the possible interaction between leaf removal treatment and seasonal weather conditions, and its effect on the biosynthesis of volatile precursors are discussed. Our results suggested that in Sauvignon blanc the relative proportion of 4-S-glutathionyl-4-methylpentan-2-one (G-4MSP) and 3-S-glutathionylhexan-1-ol (G-3SH) precursors can be affected by defoliation, and this could be related to the induction of two specific genes encoding glutathione-S-transferases (VvGST3 and VvGST5), while no significant effects on basic fruit chemical parameters, polyphenols and methoxypyrazines were ascertained under our experimental conditions.
Keywords: early leaf removal, cluster exposure, thiol precursors, methoxypyrazines, Vitis vinifera
Published in DiRROS: 06.09.2022; Views: 652; Downloads: 287
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3. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2019-106 : opis vzorca: 11131748: Vitis vinifera, drugo, 11131939: Vitis vinifera, drugo, 11460442: Vitis vinifera, drugo : namen testiranja: sum na: Xylosandrus crassiusculusAndreja Kavčič, 2019, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, Vitis vinifera, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, žuželke, morfološke analize
Published in DiRROS: 10.10.2019; Views: 1827; Downloads: 113
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4. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2019-101 : opis vzorca: 11131878: Vitis vinifera, drugo, 11460138: Vitis vinifera, drugo, 11460060: Vitis vinifera, drugo : namen testiranja: sum na: Xylosandrus crassiusculusAndreja Kavčič, 2019, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, Vitis vinifera, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, žuželke, morfološke analize
Published in DiRROS: 10.10.2019; Views: 1839; Downloads: 116
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5. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2019-099 : opis vzorca: 11131731: Vitis vinifera, drugo, 11131922: Vitis vinifera, drugo, 11460459: Vitis vinifera, drugo : namen testiranja: sum na: Xylosandrus crassiusculusAndreja Kavčič, 2019, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, Vitis vinifera, žuželke, morfološke analize
Published in DiRROS: 10.10.2019; Views: 1846; Downloads: 113
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6. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2019-014 : opis vzorca: Vitis vinifera, les, lubje, sekanci, št. enot 10 : namen testiranja: sum na: Fitofagna žuželkaAndreja Kavčič, 2019, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, Kmetijsko gozdarski zavod Novo mesto, vinska trta, Vitis vinifera, les, fitofagna žuželka, podlubniki, Xylosandrus germanus
Published in DiRROS: 12.04.2019; Views: 2455; Downloads: 146
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