1. Using lidar data to analyse sinkhole characteristics relevant for understory vegetation under forest cover-case study of a high karst area in the Dinaric mountainsMilan Kobal, Irena Bertoncelj, Francesco Pirotti, Igor Dakskobler, Lado Kutnar, 2015, original scientific article Abstract: In this article, we investigate the potential for detection and characterization of sinkholes under dense forest cover by using airborne laser scanning data. Laser pulse returns from the ground provide important data for the estimation of digital elevation model (DEM), which can be used for further processing. The main objectives of this study were to map and determine the geomorphometric characteristics of a large number of sinkholes and to investigate the correlations between geomorphology and vegetation in areas with such characteristics. The selected study area has very low anthropogenic influences and is particularly suitable for studying undisturbed karst sinkholes. The information extracted from this study regarding the shapes and depths of sinkholes show significant directionality for both orientation of sinkholes and their distribution over the area. Furthermore, significant differences in vegetation diversity and composition occur inside and outside the sinkholes, which indicates their presence has important ecological impacts.
Keywords: sinkholes, geomorphology, vegetation
Published in DiRROS: 26.07.2024; Views: 134; Downloads: 145
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2. Prostorska variabilnost sezonske količine padavin v Sloveniji v obdobju 2010–2019Milan Kobal, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Prostorsko variabilnost količine padavin v Sloveniji smo ovrednotili z analizo razdalje razgradnje korelacije CDD (angl. Correlation Decay Distance), ki prikazuje spremembo korelacije v količini padavin med meteorološkimi postajami glede na njihovo medsebojno oddaljenost. Uporabili smo podatke tistih meteoroloških postaj (n = 160), ki so na isti lokaciji neprekinjeno beležile količino padavin vseh 120 mesecev (december 2009–november 2019). Za vsako meteorološko postajo smo po posameznih letnih časih izračunali mejno razdaljo, pri kateri je korelacija med količino padavin višja od 0,707 (r2 = 0,5). Rezultati kažejo, da se prostorska variabilnost količine padavin med letnimi časi razlikuje, in sicer je najvišja poleti (CDD = 50 km), sledi pomlad (CDD = 76 km) in jesen (CDD = 120 km) ter zima (CDD = 141 km), ko je prostorska variabilnost količine padavin najnižja. Prostorsko gledano je variabilnost količine padavin podobna spomladi in jeseni (najmanjša prostorska variabilnost padavin v V in JV Sloveniji), medtem ko je poleti najnižja v J Sloveniji, pozimi pa v SZ Sloveniji. Karta variogramov prikazuje anizotropijo v razdalji razgradnje korelacije za spomladanske padavine. Višje vrednosti semivariance so očitne v smeri SV-JZ, medtem ko so vrednosti semivariance v smeri JV-SZ precej nižje.
Keywords: padavine, razdalja razgradnje korelacije, prostorska variabilnost, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 28.06.2022; Views: 2525; Downloads: 1051
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3. Gozdnovegetacijska karta SlovenijeŽivko Košir, Marja Zorn-Pogorelc, Janko Kalan, Lojze Marinček, Ivan Smole, Lojze Čampa, Marjan Šolar, Boštjan Anko, Marko Accetto, Dušan Robič, Valentin Toman, Lojze Žgajnar, Niko Torelli, Irena Tavčar, Lado Kutnar, Anton Kralj, 2007, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Keywords: gozdnovegetacijska karta, digitalni zapis, elektronski medij, CD-Rom, fitocenološka karta, fitocenologija, zgodovina
Published in DiRROS: 22.06.2022; Views: 1039; Downloads: 2252
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4. Kako nastajajoči vodni kataster vpliva na določanje hidrološke funkcije gozda?Milan Kobal, Janez Pirnat, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Sedanji sistem funkcij gozdov, ki ga v osnovi prinaša Zakon o gozdovih iz leta 1993, je potreben nadgradnje, saj je funkcij zelo veliko, njihove vsebine pa se pogosto podvajajo. Ob takratnem prvem kartiranju funkcij gozdov se je gozdarstvo opiralo predvsem na svoje lastne prostorske sloje, zdaj pa so na voljo podrobnejše prostorske zbirke tudi drugih uporabnikov prostora. Oboje je nov izziv za prikazovanje in vsebinsko vrednotenje ukrepov za zagotavljanje trajnosti funkcij gozdov ter prilagojenega gospodarjenja z gozdovi. V prispevku smo obravnavali hidrološko funkcijo gozda, deloma zaradi aktualnih razmer v Slovenij in svetu (poplave, suše), deloma pa zato, ker novejši podatki o vodnem katastru bistveno nadgrajujejo bazo podatkov o vodah. Če kot velikost orisa okrog površinskih voda upoštevamo eno drevesno višino, je to 120.688,64 ha gozdov, kjer bi bila po dosedanjih kriterijih lahko poudarjena hidrološka funkcija gozda. Daleč največ takih gozdov je ob vodotokih, sledijo izviri in mokrotne površine.
Keywords: sistem funkcij gozdov, hidrološka funkcija gozda, vodni kataster
Published in DiRROS: 08.03.2022; Views: 1268; Downloads: 335
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6. The influence of land use on the spatial distribution and intensity of heat islands in SloveniaAnica Simčič, Petra Pečan, Mojca Nastran, Milan Kobal, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Heat islands (HI) are a common anthropogenic phenomenon and are defined as artificial surfaces (urban areas) that have a higher average temperature than their surroundings (rural areas). The aim of this work was to determine the influence of land use on the spatial distribution and intensity (HIi ) of HI in Slovenia. The MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Corine Land Cover (CLC) databases were used to perform the analysis. Within the identified HI, two HI levels were determined based on temperature difference. The results revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between HIi and both forest co%ver and forest fragmentation (forest edge density and ratio of mean forest patch size to HI size). Artificial surface was positively correlated with HIi . The results contribute to the understanding of the spatial distribution of HI and HIi and provide informati%on for spatial planning and policy-making to reduce the negative impact of HI.
Keywords: heat island, forest cover, artificial surface, forest fragmentation
Published in DiRROS: 17.08.2021; Views: 3769; Downloads: 2207
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7. Short-term impacts of harvesting intensity on the upper soil layers in high karst Dinaric fir-beech forestsEmira Hukić, Matjaž Čater, Aleksander Marinšek, Mitja Ferlan, Milan Kobal, Daniel Žlindra, Hamid Čustović, Primož Simončič, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The present study addresses the short-term effects of different harvest intensities under close-to-nature selective management on the upper soil layers in Slovenian and Bosnian Dinaric karst fir-beech forests. The different harvest intensities coincided with the single-tree and irregular shelterwood management, common in the region. The effect of harvesting intensity on the upper soil layers (Ol, Of, Ol and 0%10 cm mineral soil) was investigated by a repeated measurements experiment in Slovenia on 27 research plots in close-to nature managed forests. The properties of the upper layers (concentration of SOC and TN, C/N ratio, weights, BD and SOC stocks) were analyzed twice, before (2011) and after (2014) treatment of 50% and 100% harvest intensity in relation to the total standing growing stock of trees. As a control, we used no-treatment <20% harvesting intensity plots. To extend this experiment, we added three comparable plots from the Bosnian site: one in an old-growth forest with 0% harvest intensity and two in the managed forest with <20% harvest intensity. The results of the assessment of mean differences indicated a significant influence of harvesting intensity on the decrease in SOC, TN concentrations, weights and SOC stocks in the organic layers and the increase in BD and SOC stocks in the 0%10 cm mineral soil. The highest relative decreases in Ol, Of and Oh SOC stocks occurred in 50% (%10 and %38%) and 100% (%16 and %49%) harvest intensities. Negligible relative differences in both organic and 0%10 cm mineral layers were found for the <20% harvest intensity in the region. The change in forest light conditions resulting from differences in canopy openness as a function of applied harvest intensity explained the significant difference in the properties of the upper soil layers. The impact of the short-term losses in SOC stocks, in terms of overall soil productivity, may depend on the regeneration dynamics and melioration methods.
Keywords: close-to-nature forest management, harvest intensity, Calcic Cambisol, forest soil, soil organic carbon
Published in DiRROS: 10.05.2021; Views: 1241; Downloads: 883
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8. Can we use dendrogeomorphology for the spatial and temporal analysis of less intensive mass movement processes?: Acase study of three debris flows in NW and W SloveniaMatevž Konjar, Tom Levanič, Thomas Andrew Nagel, Milan Kobal, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Debris flows can transport large amounts of material and therefore present a significant threat to infrastructure and human life. In this research, we used tree-ring width analyses to quantify the response of trees to three debris flow events in NW Slovenia (Javoršček, Srpenica) and W Slovenia (Nikova) for which we know the time of origin. We attempted to date these and similar tree responses in the past and compared the patterns between different tree species. Altogether, we sampled 147 trees across a range of tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Fraxinus excelsior, Fraxinus ornus, Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies, Juglans regia, Acer campestre, Tilia cordata and Ostrya carpinifolia), including reference trees that were outside the debris flow fan. For 91 trees, we constructed tree-ring chronologies and used pointer-year analysis to identify years that had abnormal growth. For the remaining trees (mostly Ostrya carpinifolia, Tilia cordata and Acer pseudoplatanus), we either could not accurately distinguish tree rings or two samples from a single tree showed significantly different growth patterns. The growth patterns of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies following debris flow events showed a weak response at the Javoršček site and no clear responses at the other two sites. Tree species responded similarly at the same locations. Due to the lack of a clear response pattern, we were not able to reconstruct past debris flows.
Keywords: debris flows, tree rings, dendrogeomorphology, slope processes
Published in DiRROS: 30.03.2021; Views: 4289; Downloads: 2443
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9. Prostorska analiza naravnih plezališč v SlovenijiKarin Rutar, Milan Kobal, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Plezanje v naravnih plezališčih postaja čedalje bolj priljubljena oblika rekreacije, vedno več plezalcev pa pomeni vse večje obremenitve naravnih plezališč. V Sloveniji je trenutno registriranih 92 naravnih plezališč, vendar na njihovem območju ni sistematično zbranih in poenotenih podatkov o rabi tal, lastništvu zemljišč ter poudarjenosti funkcij gozdov, zlasti rekreacijske. V članku je bila lega plezališč določena s pomočjo terenskega ogleda ter na podlagi podatkov laserskega skeniranja površja Slovenije. Podatki o legi plezališč so bili združeni z rabo tal, lastniško strukturo območij plezališč in s karto funkcij gozdov na območju. Analize kažejo, da je 88,5 % plezališč v gozdovih, od katerih jih je 76,5 % v zasebni lasti. Plezališča, ki so v gozdovih s poudarjeno prvo stopnjo rekreacijske funkcije, so na 7,6 % slovenskih plezališč. Rezultati analize kažejo, da gozdovi v okolici naravnih plezališč niso prepoznani kot gozdovi s poudarjeno rekreacijsko funkcijo. Zato predlagamo, da se na območju gozdov, kjer so naravna plezališča, ponovno ovrednoti funkcije gozda.
Keywords: naravna plezališča, Slovenija, raba tal, lastništvo zemljišč, poudarjenost rekreacijske funkcije
Published in DiRROS: 08.03.2021; Views: 1543; Downloads: 472
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10. Vpliv vremenskih razmer na pogostost padanja kamenja v Baški grapiBlaž Rekanje, Milan Kobal, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Na podlagi terenskih popisov na treh testnih območjih v Baški grapi ter merjenj meteoroloških spremenljivk smo analizirali vpliv vremena na pogostost padanja kamenja. Za poenotenje podatkov smo v ArcMap za vsak testni objekt (Klavže, Loje 1 in Loje 2) izračunali prispevno območje in površino morebitnih izvorov kamenja. Rezultati linearnega regresijskega modela niso pokazali statistično značilnih odvisnosti med pogostostjo padanja kamenja in meteorološkimi spremenljivkami na enem testnem območju. Količina padavin pozitivno vpliva na pogostost padanja kamenja na dveh testnih območjih ter v vseh kategorijah izvora (iz brežine, od daleč). Z višanjem temperature zraka in tal se na dveh testnih območjih in vseh kategorijah izvora manjša pogostost padanja kamenja. Količina padavin ter temperature zraka in tal bolj vplivajo na pogostost padanja kamenja z brežine kot višje iz izvorov. V raziskavi nismo potrdili statistično značilnega vpliva vetra na pogostost padanja kamenja
Keywords: padajoče kamenje, vreme, linearna regresija, Baška Grapa
Published in DiRROS: 14.12.2020; Views: 1905; Downloads: 551
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