1081. Citizen science for monitoring plastic pollution from source to sea: a systematic review of methodologies, best practices, and challengesCorinne Corbau, Alexandre Lazarou, Oliver Bajt, Vlatka Filipović Marijić, Tatjana Simčič, Massimo Coltorti, Elisa Pignoni, Umberto Simeoni, 2025, review article Abstract: Citizen science provides a valuable approach for tracking plastic pollution; however, its effectiveness is often limited by methodological inconsistencies, concerns about data quality, and a persistent gap between data collection and policy implementation. This systematic review addresses the key question: What constitutes a comprehensive set of best practices for addressing these issues and enhancing the scientific and societal impact of citizen science in monitoring plastic pollution from source to sea? Analyzing 84 studies, from beach cleanups to microplastic sampling, this review synthesizes best practices and identifies remaining gaps. It presents a structured framework designed to enhance data quality and volunteer participation. Key challenges include the ‘microplastic analytical bottleneck,’ the ‘digital divide,’ and notable geographical and demographic disparities that hinder the integration of policies. While citizen science is effective for large-scale data collection, its main challenge is translating data into actionable policies. The main contribution of this review is a series of practical recommendations aimed at improving methodological consistency, ensuring fair volunteer participation, and facilitating the transition from citizen data to evidence-based environmental management, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and impact of citizen science.
Keywords: public engagement, plastic pollution data quality, environmental monitoring, policy integration
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 270; Downloads: 146
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1083. Agents of European beech declineNikica Ogris, Ana Brglez, Andreja Kavčič, Janja Zajc Žunič, Maarten De Groot, Barbara Piškur, 2025, complete scientific database of research data Abstract: Data collected in the project "Diseases, pests and drought stress of European beech at various climate change scenarios (V4-2026), Working package 2: Causes of the decline of European beech in Slovenia". Data was collected on 40 sampling plots, 39 plots on systematic grid 16 × 16 km and one additional plot in the Alps. On each sampling plot two trees were felled, altogether 80 trees: one visually healthy, and one damaged tree. Visual assessment of crown condition and damaging agents was evaluated following methods of ICP Forests. Rhizosphere soil was collected from each sampled tree for the Phytophthora baiting assay. For fungal isolations five parts of a tree were sampled: leaves, twigs (up to 20 mm in diameter), branches (over 20 mm in diameter), trunk, surface roots and root collar (up to 25 cm from the ground). Four samples from each tree part were collected. Finally, 20 samples per tree and 40 samples per plot were collected, yielding 1.600 samples in total. The samples were surface sterilized. Four subsamples were collected from one sample, altogether, 6.400 subsamples/tissue pieces. Four subsamples were plated on potato dextrose agar supplemented with streptomycin. Fungi and Phytophthora species were identified using molecular techniques, while insects were identified based on their morphological characteristics.
Keywords: research data, Fagus sylvatica, decline, damage, complex disease, fungi, insects, Phytophthora, endophytes, stress
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 368; Downloads: 3
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1086. Data from : Physical constraints and environmental factors shape phloem anatomical traits in woody angiosperm speciesYan Wang, Johannes Liesche, Alan Crivellaro, Jiří Doležal, Jan Altman, Donato Chiatante, Anastazija Dimitrova, Ze-Xin Fan, Peili Fu, Félix Forest, Jožica Gričar, 2025, complete scientific database of research data Abstract: We collected main stem or branch cross-sections of 188 angiosperm woody species, which represent a wide range of climates and diverse families. Measurements of xylem vessel and phloem sieve element diameter, density, and lumen fraction were used in phylogenetic structural equation models to disentangle internal and climatic constraints on their morphological and anatomical features.
Keywords: adaptation, allometry, phloemsieve element, xylem vessel
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 316; Downloads: 141
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1087. Physical constraints and environmental factors shape phloem anatomical traits in woody angiosperm speciesYan Wang, Johannes Liesche, Alan Crivellaro, Jiří Doležal, Jan Altman, Donato Chiatante, Anastazija Dimitrova, Ze-Xin Fan, Peili Fu, Félix Forest, Jožica Gričar, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Xylem trait studies have enhanced our understanding of how plants strategically adapt their morphological and anatomical features to diverse climates. Despite the importance of the phloem in plant functioning, similar studies of phloem traits are lacking. To tackle this knowledge gap, we analyzed phloem anatomical traits of woody angiosperm species in relation to climate and the distance of samples to the stem tip. We collected main stem or branch cross-sections of 188 angiosperm woody species, which represent a wide range of climates and diverse families. Measurements of xylem vessel and phloem sieve element diameter, density, and lumen fraction were used in phylogenetic structural equation models to disentangle internal and climatic constraints on their morphological and anatomical features. Our results showed that distance-to-tip mainly affects sieve element and vessel diameter and density, while climate more strongly influenced conduit lumen fraction. Vessel size was positively correlated with temperature after correcting for the distance-to-tip, while sieve element diameter was correlated with water availability. Our results highlight the need to account for distance-to-tip when accessing anatomical variations linked to the environment, and show that sieve element traits respond to other climatic drivers than vessel traits rather than simply mirroring them.
Keywords: adaptation, allometry, phloemsieve element, tip-to-base conduit widening, xylem vessel
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 278; Downloads: 153
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1088. Digital PCR-based genotyping: a precision approach to HCMV drug resistanceMojca Milavec, Tašja Cvelbar, Alexandra Bogožalec Košir, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: The genotyping workflow described uses digital PCR (dPCR) to detect and quantify drug resistance mutations in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The method focuses on the detection and quantification of three common mutations in the UL97 gene at codons 460, 594, and 595, which are responsible for the majority of ganciclovir-resistant clinical isolates. The dPCR approach offers high sensitivity and accuracy, making it suitable for routine testing as well as a reference measurement procedure for external quality assessment schemes. The workflow includes several key steps: DNA isolation, preparation of the dPCR reaction mixture, partitioning, thermocycling, and data analysis. This method improves the detection capabilities of HCMV drug resistance and provides a robust and efficient tool for clinical and research applications.
Keywords: digital PCR, human cytomegalovirus, antimicrobial drug resistance, mutations
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 257; Downloads: 46
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1089. Nanostructure-induced functional combination of vanishing magnetostriction and magnetic softness in ferromagnetic ▫$(GaNi)_xCoCrFe (x = 0.4–1.6)$▫ high-entropy alloysJože Luzar, Andreja Jelen, Juraj Nálepka, Saeid Salari, Primož Koželj, Stanislav Vrtnik, Peter Mihor, Julia Petrović, Magdalena Wencka, Goran Dražić, Anton Meden, Janez Dolinšek, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: multi-phase alloys, multi-scale structured materials, magnetic softness, nanomagnetism
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 307; Downloads: 158
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1090. Antigenotoxic effects of Tartary and common buckwheat extracts, rutin, and quercetin on DNA damage induced by the dietary mutagen acrylamideMaja Vogrinčič, Bojana Žegura, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The antigenotoxic effects of methanolic extracts of Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) flour were evaluated against acrylamide-induced DNA damage. Acrylamide, a toxic food contaminant, was first identified in 2002 following its detection in Swedish food products. Our findings demonstrate that extracts from both buckwheat species significantly reduced DNA strand breaks. Tartary buckwheat contains higher levels of rutin, quercetin, and polyphenols, and exhibits greater antioxidant activity compared to common buckwheat. Due to endogenous rutin-degrading glucosidase activity, part of the rutin was enzymatically converted into quercetin. Processing generally decreased antioxidant activity, with the exception of wheat bread, where a slight increase was observed, likely attributed to Maillard reaction products. We confirmed that acrylamide induces genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells at all tested concentrations (0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mM) after 24 hours of exposure, and that methanolic buckwheat extracts effectively reduced the formation of acrylamide-induced DNA damage. The extract from Tartary buckwheat demonstrated the highest antigenotoxic activity, surpassing even pure rutin or quercetin at higher concentrations. These results suggest that although thermal processing can generate potentially harmful compounds, such as acrylamide, food matrices may simultaneously contain bioactive components capable of counteracting or mitigating such adverse effects.
Keywords: common buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat, DNA damage, acrylamide, antigenotoxic
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 306; Downloads: 108
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