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572. The genetic consequences of population marginality : a case study in maritime pineAdélaïde Theraroz, Carlos Guadaño-Peyrot, Juliette Archambeau, Sara Pinosio, Francesca Bagnoli, Andrea Piotti, Camilla Avanzi, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Ricardo Alía, Delphine Grivet, Marjana Westergren, Santiago C. González-Martínez, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Aim: Marginal tree populations, either those located at the edges of the species' rangeor in suboptimal environments, are often a valuable genetic resource for biologicalconservation. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the genetic consequencesof population marginality, estimated across entire species' ranges. Our study ad-dresses this gap by providing information about several genetic indicators and theirvariability in marginal and core populations identified using quantitative marginalityindices.Location: Southwestern Europe and North Africa.Methods: Using 10,185 SNPs across 82 populations of maritime pine (Pinus pinasterAit.), a widespread conifer characterised by a fragmented range, we modelled therelationship of seven genetic indicators potentially related to population evolution-ary resilience, namely genetic diversity (based on both all SNPs and outlier SNPs),inbreeding, genetic differentiation, recessive genetic load and genomic offset, withpopulation geographical, demo-historical and ecological marginality (as estimated bynine quantitative indices). Models were constructed for both regional (introducinggene pool as a random factor) and range-wide spatial scales.Results: We showed a trend towards decreasing overall genetic diversity and increas-ing differentiation with geographic marginality, supporting the centre-periphery hy-pothesis (CPH). However, we found no correlation between population inbreedingand marginality, while geographically marginal populations had a lower recessive ge-netic load (only models without the gene pool effect). Ecologically marginal popula-tions had a higher genomic offset, suggesting higher maladaptation to future climate,albeit some of these populations also had high genetic diversity for climate outliers.Main Conclusions: Overall genetic diversity (but not outlier-based estimates) and dif-ferentiation patterns support the CPH. Ecologically marginal populations and those atthe southern edge could be more vulnerable to climate change due to higher climate maladaptation, as predicted by genomic offsets, and/or lower potentially adaptive ge-netic diversity. This risk is exacerbated by typically small effective population sizesand increasing human impact in marginal populations.
Keywords: population genetics, conservation genetics, marginal populations, Pinus pinaster, genetic indicators
Published in DiRROS: 29.08.2024; Views: 231; Downloads: 481
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573. Lignin structural characterization and its antioxidant potential: a comparative evaluation by EPR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and DPPH assaysTina Ročnik, Maxim A. Voinov, Miha Grilc, Alex I. Smirnov, Edita Jasiukaityte, Lucian Lucia, Blaž Likozar, 2024, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 29.08.2024; Views: 217; Downloads: 501
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574. Cyanobacterial cyclic peptides can disrupt cytoskeleton organization in human astrocytes : a contribution to the understanding of the systemic toxicity of cyanotoxinsAnja Bubik, Robert Frangež, Monika C. Žužek, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Tamara Lah Turnšek, Bojan Sedmak, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The systemic toxicity of cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria (CCPs) is not yet completely understood. Apart from the most known damages to the liver and kidneys, symptoms of their neurotoxicity have also been reported. Hepatotoxic CCPs, like microcystins, as well as non-hepatotoxic anabaenopeptins and planktopeptins, all exhibit cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on mammalian cells. However, responses of different cell types to CCPs depend on their specific modes of interaction with cell membranes. This study demonstrates that non-hepatotoxic planktopeptin BL1125 and anabaenopeptins B and F, at concentrations up to 10 µM, affect normal and tumor human astrocytes (NHA and U87-GM) in vitro by their almost immediate insertion into the lipid monolayer. Like microcystin-LR (up to 1 µM), they inhibit Ser/Thr phosphatases and reorganize cytoskeletal elements, with modest effects on their gene expression. Based on the observed effects on intermediate filaments and intermediate filament linkage elements, their direct or indirect influence on tubulin cytoskeletons via post-translational modifications, we conclude that the basic mechanism of CCP toxicities is the induction of inter- and intracellular communication failure. The assessed inhibitory activity on Ser/Thr phosphatases is also crucial since the signal transduction cascades are modulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes.
Keywords: astrocytes, cyclic cyanobacterial peptides, cytoskeletal organization, Ser/Thr phosphatases, systemic toxicity, cyanobacteria
Published in DiRROS: 28.08.2024; Views: 287; Downloads: 321
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575. Toward the first documented extinction of a marine macroalga in the Mediterranean Sea?Emmanuelle Patricia Descourvières, Vinko Bandelj, Adriano Sfriso, Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Vesna Mačić, Ljiljana Iveša, Silvija Kipson, Edi Gljušćić, Claudio Battelli, Isabella Moro, Cosimo Solidoro, Annalisa Falace, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Fucus virsoides is a glacial relict-species endemic to the Adriatic that was widespread from northern Italy to southern Albania. In recent decades, however, it has suffered an alarming decline. In this study, all available records were reviewed to reconstruct its historical and current occurrence and to investigate the possible causes of its decline. Comprehensive mapping revealed a continuing decline with a significant shift, leaving only about 20 fragmented populations. While the species is already classified as critically endangered in Albania, F. virsoides could be considered functionally extinct in Istria (Croatia), critically threatened with extinction in Italy and Montenegro and locally extinct in Slovenia. The status of the species in the rest of Croatia is still unclear. The remaining populations are located in areas characterised by low temperatures, low salinity and high nutrient concentrations. Long-term analyses of these key abiotic factors revealed profound changes that suggest a link to the species' decline. This study provides a thorough assessment of the overall status of F. virsoides and argues for its inclusion on the IUCN Red List. Immediate conservation measures are needed for the long-term survival of this species.
Keywords: Adriatic sea, endangered species, distribution, hydrobiology, marine biology
Published in DiRROS: 28.08.2024; Views: 311; Downloads: 409
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578. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2024-094 : vzorec št. 2024/00263Barbara Piškur, Zina Devetak, Patricija Podkrajšek, Špela Hočevar, Nikica Ogris, 2024, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, ruj, traheomikoza, bolezni rastlin, verticilijska uvelost listavcev
Published in DiRROS: 27.08.2024; Views: 271; Downloads: 77
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