421. ICPP 2023 Satellite event: high-throughput sequencing in plant virology: from discovery to diagnostics (Sunday, 20 August 2023 – all day) : Lyon, France2023, other monographs and other completed works Abstract: High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have revolutionized plant virus research and diagnostics by accelerating the discovery of new viruses and by providing a sensitive untargeted approach for the detection of viruses. The latter, together with high data-generation potential of HTS, enables discovery of new and emerging viruses from diverse hosts, archived or ancient samples, and untargeted virus detection in diverse matrices, as well as research on a broad range of topics, such as plant virus epidemiology, diversity, and evolution. Many new plant virus discoveries, increased availability of sequence data, and a lagging biological characterization of HTS-based findings call for a broad consideration on harmonization of sequencing and data analysis approaches, as well as the interpretation of the results from the scientific and regulatory perspective. During this satellite meeting, different aspects of applying HTS in plant virology will be addressed and discussed. Topics will include: discovery and detection of new and emerging viruses; virus diversity, epidemiology, and evolution studies; development of virus detection and identification protocols and validation of HTS-based tests for plant virus diagnostics.
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427. Nephila spider male aggregation : preference for optimal female size and web clusteringMatjaž Kuntner, Maj Kuntner, Eva Kuntner, Alexandra Bogožalec Košir, Irena Kuntner, Viktorija Tomič, Jana Faganeli Pucer, Erik Štrumbelj, Daiqin Li, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Sexual size dimorphism theory predicts biased operational sex ratios (OSRs) and an uneven distribution of males among certain females. We studied this phenomenon through a field census of the giant wood spider Nephila pilipes (family Nephilidae) in Singapore, a species where females are, on average, 6.9 times larger than males. Specifically, we tested two hypotheses concerning male distribution, given their tendency to aggregate in certain female webs. The optimal female size hypothesis predicts that males would predominantly occupy webs of intermediate-sized females. The web clustering hypothesis posits that more males would be found in webs closer together compared to those farther apart. Our snapshot census revealed a female-biased OSR (females: males = 1.85) with an uneven distribution of males in female webs. Most males were found in webs of intermediate-sized females aligning with the optimal female size hypothesis. Proximity among female webs was indicative of male presence, lending support to the web clustering hypothesis. While our study's limited sample size warrants caution, we conclude that in N. pilipes, male occupation of female webs is facilitated by the clustering of webs, and males prefer to cohabit with optimally sized, receptive females.
Keywords: sexual size dimorphism, operational sex ratios (OSRs), male distribution, optimal female size hypothesis, web clustering hypothesis, female-biased OSR, intermediate-sized females, proximity of webs, male aggregation, arachnology, behavioral ecology, environmental zoology
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428. Fate and effects of cytostatic pharmaceuticals in the environment and the identification of biomarkers for and improved risk assessment on environmental exposureMetka Filipič, 2014, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: CytoThreat (www.cytothreat.eu) project addresses the needs of the European society for assessing the risks associated with the release of pharmaceuticals into environment focusing on cytostatic pharmaceuticals. The mechanisms of action of most of the anticancer drugs are by interference with genetic material and cell signalling, which are very similar in all organisms and theoretically exposure to anticancer drug residues may affect also nontarget organisms. The aims are to provide new analytical methods needed for to determine the actual environmental exposure of these drugs, their metabolites and transformation products detection, to provide missing ecotoxicity data needed for accurate environmental risk assessment and identify biomarkers of delayed effects that may be used for development of early warning systems.
Keywords: health risks, cytostatics
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429. Prepelica (Coturnix coturnix), kobiličar (Locustella naevia), bičja trstnica (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) na Ljubljanskem barjuDavorin Tome, Al Vrezec, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver, Andrej Kapla, 2015, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: V okviru projekta Ljudje za barje, ohranjanje biotske pestrosti na Ljubljanskem barju (LJUBA), Program Norveškega finančnega mehanizma 2009-2014 in Program finančnega mehanizma EGP 2009-2014 smo v letu 2015 za naročnika Zavod republike Slovenije za varstvo narave kvantitativno popisali (izhodiščni monitoring) prepelico (Coturnix coturnix), kobiličarja (Locustella naevia) in bičjo trstnico (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) na območju Ljubljanskega barja. Terensko delo je potekalo po metodi, ki nam je omogočila neposredno primerjavo rezultatov s podatki dobljenimi pred 20 leti v obdobju 1989 do 1996. Na izbrani površini 67 kvadratov smo prešteli 39 kličočih samcev prepelice, kar je za 87% manj kakor na primerljivi površini pred 20 leti. Vrsto smo odkrili na 23 kvadratih, kar je za 57% manj kakor pred 20 leti. Ob upoštevanju vseh možnih objektivnih in subjektivnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na rezultat štetja ocenjujemo, da se je velikost in razširjenost populacije prepelice v zadnjih 20 letih zmanjšala za več kakor za polovico. Vrsta je na Ljubljanskem barju zelo ogrožena in lahko v kratkem izgine kot gnezdilka. Na izbrani površini 67 kvadratov smo prešteli 31 pojočih kobiličarjev, kar je za 31% manj kakor na primerljivi površini pred 20 leti. Vrsto smo odkrili na 16 kvadratih, kar je za 16% manj kakor pred 20 leti. Ob upoštevanju vseh možnih objektivnih in subjektivnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na rezultat štetja ocenjujemo, da se velikost populacije kobiličarja v zadnjih 20 letih verjetno ni spremenila, nekoliko se je spremenilo območje njegovega pojavljanja. Kljub temu, zaradi relativno majhne površine kjer se pojavlja, ocenjujemo, da je kobiličar na Ljubljanskem barju ogrožena vrsta. Na izbrani površini 67 kvadratov smo prešteli 52 pojočih bičjih trstnic, kar je za 8% več kakor na primerljivi površini pred 20 leti. Vrsto smo odkrili na 20 kvadratih, kar je za 18% več kakor pred 20 leti. Ob upoštevanju vseh možnih objektivnih in subjektivnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na rezultat štetja ocenjujemo, da se velikost populacije bičje trstnice v zadnjih 20 letih verjetno ni spremenila, nekoliko se je spremenilo območje njenega pojavljanja. Kljub temu, zaradi relativno majhne površine kjer se pojavlja, ocenjujemo, da je bičja trstnica na Ljubljanskem barju ogrožena vrsta. Največja vokalna aktivnost prepelic je bila zvečer, le malo manjša zgodaj zjutraj. Po sedmi uri zjutraj je aktivnost opazno manjša in lahko vpliva na rezultate monitoringa. Prepelice so pogosto spreminjale položaj od koder pojejo, kar ima prav tako lahko vpliv na rezultate monitoringa. Za bolj natančen nadzor populacij vseh treh vrst predlagamo, da se obstoječi monitoring ptic kmetijske krajine na območju Ljubljanskega barja razširi z desetimi transekti. Metoda popisovanja in obdelave podatkov v obstoječem monitoringu sta ustrezni za kobiličarja in bičjo trstnico, za prepelico predlagamo nekaj sprememb.
Keywords: ptice, zavarovana območja, varstvo narave
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430. Development of LAMP based protocol for accurate, reliable, fast and affordable diagnostics of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani : Euphresco success stroryMarina Dermastia, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: Phytoplasmas are cell-wall-free plant pathogenic bacteria; they have a broad range of plant hosts and diseases of many important crops are associated with these pathogens. At least ten phytoplasma ribosomal subgroups have been associated with grapevine yellows diseases, which have great economic impact on viticulture. In Europe, the main phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows are the causal agent of flavescence dorée and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, which cause bois noir.
Keywords: phytoplasmas, grapevine yellows diseases, LAMP, real-time PCR
Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 171; Downloads: 122
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