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Abstract: The study analyses differences in the quality of neighbourhood equipment between socialist (old) and post-socialist (new) large housing estates in Croatia and Slovenia. A total of 2,193 participants from the four largest cities in Croatia (Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, and Osijek) and the two largest cities in Slovenia (Ljubljana and Maribor) were surveyed in 2022. Satisfaction with neighbourhood equipment was evaluated based on the following aspects of the housing estate: accessibility of primary and secondary services and facilities as well as overall satisfaction with the estate. Residents, regardless of the country, Croatia or Slovenia, and the type of estate, were generally satisfied with all key aspects of the housing estates. The results also indicated a generally higher urbanistic standard in both types of estates in Slovenia compared to those in Croatia. Furthermore, indicators of satisfaction with neighbourhood equipment generally demonstrated weak correlations with residents’ individual characteristics – gender, age, tenure, and length of residence in the estate. In accordance with the initial assumption, socialist estates were not rated worse overall compared to post-socialist housing estates.
Keywords: socialist and post-socialist housing estates, satisfaction with primary and secondary neighbourhood equipment, comparative analysis of Croatia and Slovenia, individual characteristics of residents
Published in DiRROS: 27.01.2025; Views: 25; Downloads: 5
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Abstract: Predstavljeni so izsledki raziskave o vlogi skavtov pri krepitvi duševnega zdravja mladih. V uvodu so opredeljene težave, ki se pojavljajo na področju duševnega zdravja, z varovalnimi dejavniki in dejavniki tveganja za duševno zdravje mladih. Nato so predstavljeni načini krepitve duševnega zdravja pri skavtih; avtorici sta raziskali posledice teh načinov tudi empirično, med mladimi skavti in skavtinjami v Sloveniji, skupaj z njihovimi potrebami po podpori pri varovanju duševnega zdravja. Raziskavo sta izvedli po mešani kvalitativno-kvantitativni metodi. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da imajo skavtske dejavnosti na duševno zdravje večine skavtinj in skavtov, ki so v raziskavi sodelovali, zelo pozitiven vpliv, pri tem pa imajo pomembno vlogo podporni medsebojni odnosi in čas, ki ga v sklopu skavtskega udejstvovanja preživijo v naravi. Skavtske dejavnosti imajo pomembno vlogo predvsem kot preventiva na področju duševnega zdravja.
Keywords: skavti, mladostniki, duševno zdravje, mladinsko delo, varovalni dejavniki, dejavniki tveganja
Published in DiRROS: 27.01.2025; Views: 8; Downloads: 6
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Keywords: education, transition, upper-secundary school, anxitety, social support, Slovenia
Published in DiRROS: 27.01.2025; Views: 9; Downloads: 4
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Abstract: Scientifc evidence regularly guides policy decisions1 , with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2 . In April 2020, an infuential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations (‘claims’) detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to eforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams fnding evidence supporting 16 (89 %) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy efectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed efects and there were no efects for highlighting individual benefts or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct diferences in efects between using the terms ‘physical distancing’ and ‘social distancing’. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientifc evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.
Keywords: psychology, behaviour, trusted leaders, adherence to behavioural interventions, covid-19, pandemic
Published in DiRROS: 27.01.2025; Views: 9; Downloads: 5
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Abstract: The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) was conducted in paper and online reading modes in 2016 using the same samples of students in a number of countries. Differences in reading literacy scores were found in several European countries. In some countries, the differences favored the electronic reading mode. Yet in others, the paper reading mode was favored. As the electronic reading mode differs substantially in the cognitive demands compared to the paper mode, it can be expected that the differences between the two modes are related to the variables related to technology: availability and access, general use, use for educational purposes in class or out-of-school, and self-efficacy with technology. This study investigates the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) factors related to the differences in paper and online reading in six European countries participating in both modes in PIRLS 2016. This study uses linear regression models as the application of multilevel modeling is not suitable because of the low between-school variances across countries. The results from this study show limited support for the relative effect that the student individual, school, and classroom ICT variables have on the differences between paper and electronic reading. Access to technology is related to mode differences only in Italy, and the use of computer devices in and out of school is related to the mode differences in Italy and Portugal. Student self-efficacy is related to the mode differences in Portugal and Slovenia. School resources show significant effects in Denmark (computers to students ratio) and Italy (instruction affected by digital resource shortages). None of the classroom variables showed any significant relationship in any of the countries. In addition, socio-economic status (which is proxied by the variable on home resources for learning) is a significant predictor in half of the countries. In addition to these findings, the general technological context within countries is discussed as part of an evaluation of the difference in reading in the two test delivery modes. The general uptake of technology in different social and economic aspects, as measured by the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), follows the differences between the two reading modes.
Keywords: education, online reading literacy, paper reading literacy, reading mode comparison, PIRLS, country comparison, technology factors
Published in DiRROS: 27.01.2025; Views: 10; Downloads: 5
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