1481. Viromics and infectivity analysis reveal the release of infective plant viruses from wastewater into the environmentKatarina Bačnik, Denis Kutnjak, Anja Pecman, Nataša Mehle, Magda Tušek-Žnidarič, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Maja Ravnikar, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Viruses represent one of the most important threats to agriculture. Several viral families include highly stable pathogens, which remain infective and can be transported long distances in water. The diversity of plant viruses in wastewater remains understudied; however, their potential impact is increasing with the increased irrigation usage of reclaimed wastewater. To determine the abundance, diversity and biological relevance of plant viruses in wastewater influents and effluents we applied an optimized virus concentration method followed by high-throughput sequencing and infectivity assays. We detected representatives of 47 plant virus species, including emerging crop threats. We also demonstrated infectivity for pathogenic and economically relevant plant viruses from the genus Tobamovirus (family Virgaviridae), which remain infective even after conventional wastewater treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of metagenomics to capture the diversity of plant viruses circulating in the environment and expose the potential risk of the uncontrolled use of reclaimed water for irrigation.
Keywords: wastewater, virome, high-throughput sequencing, plant viruses, tobamoviruses, infectivity
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 515; Downloads: 265
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1482. Cancer-related fatigue : causes and current treatment optionsMelissa S. Y. Thong, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden, Karen Steindorf, Volker Arndt, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Fatigue is a symptom commonly experienced by survivors of cancer through all stages of the disease trajectory. Survivors identify fatigue as a significant problem which is not adequately addressed by healthcare providers [1•]. Being fatigued has a greater negative impact on functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than other symptoms such as pain or depression [2, 3]. Fatigued survivors are more likely to have reduced employment participation [4, 5], greater financial stress [6], and higher healthcare utilization [6, 7]. Moreover, fatigue may reduce survival; feeling fatigued at diagnosis [6, 8] and during survivorship [9] is associated with higher mortality.
This review aims to provide a summary on the current state of research on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) of survivors with local disease treated with curative intent. We briefly summarize the prevalence, definition, evaluation, and etiology of CRF. Due to the volume of research on CRF treatments, we provide a non-exhaustive overview of treatments for CRF published within the last 5 years (guidelines, meta-analyses, reviews, randomized trials).
Keywords: cancer-related fatigue, cytokines, physical activity, pharmacologic, complementary and alternative medicine
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 333; Downloads: 244
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1483. Physical activity and cancer risk. Actual knowledge and possible biological mechanismsMihaela Jurdana, 2021, review article Abstract: Scientific evidence has shown that an increase in regular physical activity is associated with a decrease in the development of many types of cancer. Potential mechanisms that link physical activity to reduced cancer risk include a decrease in systemic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), sex hormones, pro-inflammatory leptin and other obesity-related cytokines, and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory adiponectin levels. In addition, physical activity improves immune function and the composition and diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Moderate physical activity is important for cancer protection, but the most significant changes in the inflammatory profile are conferred by physical activity performed at higher intensities. Thus, there is a need for further investigation into the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity for the prevention of some types of cancer and the development of effective recommendations.
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 309; Downloads: 123
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1484. PLANiTS : a curated sequence reference dataset for plant ITS DNA metabarcodingElisa Banchi, Claudio Gennaro Ametrano, Samuele Greco, David Stanković, Lucia Muggia, Alberto Pallavicini, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: DNA metabarcoding combines DNA barcoding with high-throughput sequencing to identify different taxa within environmental communities. The ITS has already been proposed and widely used as universal barcode marker for plants, but a comprehensive, updated and accurate reference dataset of plant ITS sequences has not been available so far. Here, we constructed reference datasets of Viridiplantae ITS1, ITS2 and entire ITS sequences including both Chlorophyta and Streptophyta. The sequences were retrieved from NCBI, and the ITS region was extracted. The sequences underwent identity check to remove misidentified records and were clustered at 99% identity to reduce redundancy and computational effort. For this step, we developed a script called ‘better clustering for QIIME’ (bc4q) to ensure that the representative sequences are chosen according to the composition of the cluster at a different taxonomic level. The three datasets obtained with the bc4q script are PLANiTS1 (100 224 sequences), PLANiTS2 (96 771 sequences) and PLANiTS (97 550 sequences), and all are pre-formatted for QIIME, being this the most used bioinformatic pipeline for metabarcoding analysis. Being curated and updated reference databases, PLANiTS1, PLANiTS2 and PLANiTS are proposed as a reliable, pivotal first step for a general standardization of plant DNA metabarcoding studies. The bc4q script is presented as a new tool useful in each research dealing with sequences clustering.
Keywords: DNA metabarcoding, reference datasets
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 384; Downloads: 335
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1486. Experimental evidence of long-term oceanic circulation reversals without wind influence in the North Ionian SeaAngelo Rubino, Miroslav Gačić, Manuel Bensi, Vedrana Kovacevic, Vlado Malačič, Milena Menna, Maria Eletta Negretti, Joel Sommeria, Davide Zanchettin, Ricardo V. Barreto, Laura Ursella, Vanessa Cardin, Giuseppe Civitarese, Mirko Orlić, Boris Petelin, Giuseppe Siena, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Under the emerging features of interannual-to-decadal ocean variability, the periodical reversals of the North Ionian Gyre (NIG), driven mostly by the mechanism named Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS), are known as impacting on marine physics and biogeochemistry and potentially influencing short-term regional climate predictability in the Eastern Mediterranean. Whilst it has been suggested that local wind forcing cannot explain such variability, aspects of the alternative hypothesis indicating that NIG reversals mainly arises from an internal ocean feedback mechanism alone remain largely debated. Here we demonstrate, using the results of physical experiments, performed in the world’s largest rotating tank and numerical simulations, that the main observed feature of BiOS, i.e., the switch of polarity of the near-surface circulation in the NIG, can be induced by a mere injection of dense water on a sloping bottom. Hence, BiOS is a truly oceanic mode of variability and abrupt polarity changes in circulation can arise solely from extreme dense water formation events.
Keywords: physical oceanography, climate and Earth system modelling
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 354; Downloads: 237
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1487. The performance of the Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor Test and voided urinary cytology in the follow-up of urinary bladder tumorsTomaž Smrkolj, Urška Čegovnik Primožič, Teja Fabjan, Saša Šterpin, Joško Osredkar, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Cystoscopy in complement with urinary cytology represents the gold standard for the follow-up of patients with urinary bladder tumours. Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor Test (XBC) is a novel mRNA-based urine test for bladder cancer surveillance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of the XBC and voided urinary cytology (VUC) in the follow-up of bladder tumours. Patients and methods. The XBC was performed on stabilized voided urine and VUC was performed on urine samples. The results were compared to cystoscopic findings and histopathological results after transurethral resection of the bladder lesion. Results. For the prediction of malignant histopathological result sensitivity, the specificity and negative predictive value were 76.9%, 97.5% and 93.0% for the XBC and 38.4%, 97.5% and 83.3%, respectively for VUC. For the prediction of suspicious or positive cystoscopic finding sensitivity, the specificity and negative predictive value were 75.0%, 95.2%, and 93.0% respectively for the XBC and 41.7%, 97.6%, and 85.4% for VUC. The sensitivities for papilary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), low- and high-grade tumours were 0.0%, 66.7% and 100.0% for the XBC and 0.0%, 66.7% and 42.9%, respectively for VUC. Conclusions: The XBC showed significantly higher overall sensitivity and negative predictive value than VUC and could be used to increase the recommended follow-up cystoscopy time intervals. Complementing the XBC and voided urinary cytology does not improve performance in comparison to the XBC alone.
Keywords: cystoscopy, Xpert BC monitor test, urinary bladder neoplasm, voided urinary cytology
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 357; Downloads: 159
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1488. Long term results of follow-up after HPV self-sampling with devices Qvintip and HerSwab in women non-attending cervical screening programmeTeodora Bokan, Urška Ivanuš, Tine Jerman, Iztok Takač, Darja Arko, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: We are presenting the results of the Slovenian human papillomaviruses (HPV) self-sampling pilot study in colposcopy population of National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme ZORA for the first time. One-year and four-year follow-up results are presented for two different self-sampling devices. Participants and methods. A total of 209 women were enrolled in the study at colposcopy clinic. Prior to the gynaecological examination, all women performed self-collected vaginal swab at the clinic; 111 using Qvintip and 98 using HerSwab self-sampling device. After self-sampling, two cervical smears were taken by a clinician; first for conventional cytology and second for HPV test. After that, all women underwent colposcopy and a cervical biopsy if needed. We compared sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of cytology (at the cut-off atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or more [ASC-US+]) and HPV test (on self- and clinician-taken samples) for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more (CIN2+) after one and four years of follow-up. Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay was used for all HPV testing. Results. The mean age of 209 women was 37.6 years and HPV positivity rate 67.0% (140/209), 36.9 years and 70.3% (78/111) in the Qvintip group and 38.4 years and 63.3% (62/98) in the HerSwab group, respectively. Overall, percent agreement between self and clinician-taken samples was 81.8% (kappa 0.534) in the Qvintip and 77.1% (kappa 0.456) in the HerSwab group. In the Qvintip group, the longitudinal sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 71.8%, 75.0%, 83.6%, 60.0% for cytology; 83.1%, 51.3%, 75.6% and 62.5% for HPV test of self-taken samples and 94.4%, 57.5%, 79.8% and 85.2% for HPV test on clinician-taken samples. In the HerSwab group, the corresponding results were 71.7%, 46.7%, 61.3%, 58.3% for cytology; 75.0%, 47.7%, 62.9% and 61.8% for HPV test on self-taken samples and 94.3%, 44.4%, 66.7% and 87.0% for clinician-taken samples, respectively. Conclusions. The results confirm that HPV self-sampling is not as accurate as clinician sampling when HC2 is used. All HPV tests showed a higher sensitivity in detecting CIN2+ compared to cytology. Due to non-inferior longitudinal sensitivity of HPV self-sampling compared to cytology, HPV self-sampling might be an option for non-attenders to the National Cancer Screening Programme.
Keywords: HPV self-sampling, cytology, high-grade intraepithelial lesion, screening programmes
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 325; Downloads: 126
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1489. Integrated sea storm management strategy : the 29 October 2018 event in the Adriatic SeaChristian Ferrarin, Andrea Valentini, Martin Vodopivec, Dijana Klaric, Giovanni Massaro, Marco Bajo, Francesca De Pascalis, Amedeo Fadini, Michol Ghezzo, Stefano Menegon, Lidia Bressan, Silvia Unguendoli, Anja Fettich, Jure Jerman, Matjaž Ličer, Lidija Fustar, Alvise Papa, Enrico Carraro, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Addressing coastal risks related to sea storms requires an integrative approach which combines monitoring stations, forecasting models, early warning systems, and coastal management and planning. Such great effort is sometimes possible only through transnational cooperation, which becomes thus vital to face, effectively and promptly, the marine events which are responsible for damage impacting the environment and citizens' life. Here we present a shared and interoperable system to allow a better exchange of and elaboration on information related to sea storms among countries. The proposed integrated web system (IWS) is a combination of a common data system for sharing ocean observations and forecasts, a multi-model ensemble system, a geoportal, and interactive geo-visualisation tools to make results available to the general public. The multi-model ensemble mean and spread for sea level height and wave characteristics are used to describe three different sea condition scenarios. The IWS is designed to provide sea state information required for issuing coastal risk alerts over the analysed region as well as for being easily integrated into existing local early warning systems. This study describes the application of the developed system to the exceptional storm event of 29 October 2018 that caused severe flooding and damage to coastal infrastructure in the Adriatic Sea. The forecasted ensemble products were successfully compared with in situ observations. The hazards estimated by integrating IWS results in existing early warning systems were confirmed by documented storm impacts along the coast of Slovenia, Emilia-Romagna and the city of Venice. For the investigated event, the most severe simulated scenario results provide a realistic and conservative estimation of the peak storm conditions to be used in coastal risk management.
Keywords: sea storms, integrated web system (IWS)
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 328; Downloads: 221
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1490. Common gene expression patterns in environmental model organisms exposed to engineered nanomaterials : a meta-analysisMichael Burkard, Alexander Betz, Kristin Schirmer, Anže Županič, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: The use of omics is gaining importance in the field of nanoecotoxicology; an increasing number of studies are aiming to investigate the effects and modes of action of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in this way. However, a systematic synthesis of the outcome of such studies regarding common responses and toxicity pathways is currently lacking. We developed an R-scripted computational pipeline to perform reanalysis and functional analysis of relevant transcriptomic data sets using a common approach, independent from the ENM type, and across different organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Danio rerio. Using the pipeline that can semiautomatically process data from different microarray technologies, we were able to determine the most common molecular mechanisms of nanotoxicity across extremely variable data sets. As expected, we found known mechanisms, such as interference with energy generation, oxidative stress, disruption of DNA synthesis, and activation of DNA-repair but also discovered that some less-described molecular responses to ENMs, such as DNA/RNA methylation, protein folding, and interference with neurological functions, are present across the different studies. Results were visualized in radar charts to assess toxicological response patterns allowing the comparison of different organisms and ENM types. This can be helpful to retrieve ENM-related hazard information and thus fill knowledge gaps in a comprehensive way in regard to the molecular underpinnings and mechanistic understanding of nanotoxicity.
Keywords: gene expression, nanomaterials
Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Views: 280; Downloads: 235
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