1. Candidate pathogenicity factor/effector proteins of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism, accelerate the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, and induce autophagosomesMarina Dermastia, Špela Tomaž, Rebeka Strah, Tjaša Lukan, Anna Coll Rius, Barbara Dušak, Timotej Čepin, Aleš Kladnik, Maja Zagorščak, Kristina Gruden, Maruša Pompe Novak, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The pathogenicity of intracellular plant pathogenic bacteria is associated with the action of pathogenicity factors/effectors, but their physiological roles for most phytoplasma species, including ‘Candidiatus Phytoplasma solani’ are unknown. Six putative pathogenicity factors/effectors from six different strains of ‘Ca. P. solani’ were selected by bioinformatic analysis. The way in which they manipulate the host cellular machinery was elucidated by analyzing Nicotiana benthamiana leaves after Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation with the pathogenicity factor/effector constructs using confocal microscopy, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation, and enzyme assays. Candidate pathogenicity factors/effectors were shown to modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism and the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and to induce autophagosomes. PoStoSP06, PoStoSP13, and PoStoSP28 were localized in the nucleus and cytosol. The most active effector in the processes studied was PoStoSP06. PoStoSP18 was associated with an increase in phosphoglucomutase activity, whereas PoStoSP28, previously annotated as an antigenic membrane protein StAMP, specifically interacted with phosphoglucomutase. PoStoSP04 induced only the ascorbate–glutathione cycle along with other pathogenicity factors/effectors. Candidate pathogenicity factors/effectors were involved in reprogramming host carbohydrate metabolism in favor of phytoplasma own growth and infection. They were specifically associated with three distinct metabolic pathways leading to fructose-6-phosphate as an input substrate for glycolysis. The possible significance of autophagosome induction by PoStoSP28 is discussed.
Keywords: autophagosome, effector, glycolysis, pathogenicity factor, StAMP
Published in DiRROS: 24.08.2023; Views: 642; Downloads: 287
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2. Geographical and temporal diversity of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' in wine-growing regions in Slovenia and AustriaNataša Mehle, Sanda Kavčič, Sara Mermal, Sara Vidmar, Maruša Pompe Novak, Monika Riedle-Bauer, Günter Brader, Aleš Kladnik, Marina Dermastia, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: As the causal agent of the grapevine yellows disease Bois noir, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ has a major economic impact on grapevines. To improve the control of Bois noir, it is critical to understand the very complex epidemiological cycles that involve the multiple “Ca. P. solani” host plants and insect vectors, of which Hyalesthes obsoletus is the most important. In the present study, multiple genotyping of the tuf, secY, stamp, and vmp1 genes was performed. This involved archived grapevine samples that were collected during an official survey of grapevine yellows throughout the wine-growing regions of Slovenia (from 2003 to 2016), plus samples from Austrian grapevines, stinging nettle, field bindweed, and insect samples (collected from 2012 to 2019). The data show that the tuf-b2 type of the tuf gene has been present in eastern Slovenia since at least 2003. The hypotheses that the occurrence of the haplotypes varies due to the geographical position of Slovenia on the Italian–Slovenian Karst divide and that the haplotypes are similar between Slovenian and Austrian Styria were confirmed. The data also show haplotype changes for host plants and H. obsoletus associated with ‘Ca. P. solani,’ which might be linked to new epidemiological cycles of this phytoplasma that involve not just new plant sources and new insect vectors, but also climate and land-use changes.
Keywords: Bois noir, genotyping, ‘Ca. P. solani’, tuf gene, secY, survey, tuf-b2, stamp
Published in DiRROS: 10.06.2022; Views: 952; Downloads: 589
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3. Genome size of life forms of Araceae : ǂa ǂnew piece in the C-value puzzleDomen Kocjan, Jasna Dolenc Koce, Florian Etl, Marina Dermastia, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The genome size of an organism is an important trait that has predictive values applicable to various scientific fields, including ecology. The main source of plant C-values is the Plant DNA C-values database of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, which currently contains 12,273 estimates. However, it covers only 2.9% of known angiosperm species and has gaps in the life form and geographic distribution of plants. Only 4.5% of C-value estimates come from researchers in Central and South America. This study provides 41 new C-values for the aroid family (Araceae), collected in the Piedras Blancas National Park area in southern Costa Rica, including terrestrial, epiphytic and aquatic life forms. Data from our study are combined with C-value entries in the RBGK database for Araceae. The analysis reveals a wider range of C-values for terrestrial aroids, consistent with other terrestrial plants, a trend toward slightly lower C-values for epiphytic forms, which is more consistent for obligate epiphytes, and comparatively low C-values for aquatic aroids.
Keywords: aquatic plant, aroid, epiphyte, image cytometry, nuclear DNA amount, terrestrial plant, isotopic signature
Published in DiRROS: 10.06.2022; Views: 651; Downloads: 288
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5. 7th Slovenian Symposium on Plant Biology with International Participation, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, September 17-18, 2018, Ljubljana, Slovenia2018, other monographs and other completed works Abstract: Publikacija je zbirka povzetkov predavanj in posterskih predstavitev v okviru simpozija
Keywords: rastline, sistemska biologija, molekularna biologija, rastlinska ekologija, interakcije, rastlinska biotehnologija, zborniki, povzetki, elektronske knjige
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2018; Views: 5145; Downloads: 1954
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