481. „Tendenz auf mehr Leben“ : Arnold Gehlen als PhilosophCathrin Nielsen, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: “Tendency towards more life.” Arnold Gehlen as a Philosopher
According to Arnold Gehlen, man is defined by a unique biological helplessness and can thus be considered as a perilous being with a “constitutive chance to fail.” Through the latter, the human being is forced to assume a relation to itself; however, not on the basis of a stable naturality, but as the open nature as such. Within the nonfixed and hence unlikely biology of man, reaching as far as the vegetative itself, lies a specific dignity—from it, the question arises how such a monstruous, formless, and fragile being is capable of survival. Gehlen’s philosophy is distinguished by the circumstance that it incorporates the physical conditionality of man and thus demonstrates the necessity for biology to emerge from a sort of positive negativity. Yet, the focus of the present contribution is not primarily the hierarchy of accomplishments, with which man seeks to turn deficiency into the positivity of a quasi-animalistic certitude, but Gehlen’s philosophical insight into the self-surpassing, the surplus of life that has, in nature, developed an extensive formal richness and that has, in man, begun to relate to itself. Such insights place Gehlen into the tradition of Plato’s and, above all, Nietzsche’s philosophical anthropology.
Keywords: Friedrich Nietzsche, Arnold Gehlen, philosophical anthropology, surplus, self-relation
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 126; Downloads: 34
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482. Über das nichts-sagende Schweigen : Ein phänomenologischer Versuch einer Annäherung an das Fragwürdige in Martin Heideggers SigetikJohannes Vorlaufer, 2023, review article Abstract: On Non-Saying Silence. A Phenomenological Attempt at an Approach Towards
the Questionable in Martin Heidegger’s Sigetics
Although silence can be understood from its non-saying, the “non-” of this nonsaying cannot simply be determined from the negation of saying, but is carried by a certain multiplicity. In a demarcation from, for example, mere silencing, the contribution pursues Heidegger’s question to what extent silence in its non-saying is saying in the sense of showing, insofar as it points to an original dimension of the letting-spring of a source, of which the early Heidegger already speaks in Being and Time, when at one point he seeks to understand the self of selfhood as silence. At the same time, perhaps here an access to the later Heidegger’s concept of serenity can be opened up.
Keywords: silence, stillness, listening, self, letting-be
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 103; Downloads: 28
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483. Gemeinschaft als Denkform : Wie man Kant mit Fink, Nancy und Esposito sozialphilosophisch wendetArtur R. Boelderl, 2023, review article Abstract: Community as a Form of Thinking. How One Turns Kant Towards Social
Philosophy with Fink, Nancy, and Esposito
In the times of nihilism, it is necessary to recall, with Roberto Esposito, the fact that, strictly speaking, in philosophy and its history, there is no other subject than community, insofar as everything that becomes the subject of philosophy can only become so because of the fact that there is community. That communality is a form of thinking or that the latter is constitutively communal, is another way of expressing what Emmanuel Levinas once put in the more succinct phrase that in consciousness one is always in two, even if one is alone. In order to explain the implications of this, I draw a line in my essay from Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (specifically, its “positive” definition of being as “merely the position of a thing” [B 626], which receives much less attention than its negative aspect emphasized in the same passage, according to which being is not a real predicate) to the readings of Kant by Eugen Fink, Jean-Luc Nancy, and the aforementioned Roberto Esposito, in order to arrive at an understanding of being as an exposition of the disposition of things in us, i.e., as community.
Keywords: social philosophy, community, Immanuel Kant, categorical imperative, co-existence
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 110; Downloads: 39
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484. Nihilismus als operativer BegriffDragan Prole, 2023, review article Abstract: Nihilism as an Operative Concept
At the famous colloquium in Royaumont 1957, which was dedicated to Husserl’s phenomenology, Eugen Fink spoke about the difference between the thematic and the operative concepts. In contrast with the great philosophical themes, the operative concepts represent the source, from which they emerge. Operative concepts are a kind of thought shadows, the invisible that does not appear within the thematization. The contribution seeks to establish the concept of nihilism as an operative concept of modernity. At the same time, it emphasizes Fink’s idea of ontology as an attempt, not at accepting the idea of nothing, but at its expulsion from the field of philosophical sight. Therefore, nihilism can be considered, on the one hand, as a contemporary phenomenon, but also, on the other hand, as timeless, since ontology itself seems to be, from its beginning onwards, a form of nihilism.
Keywords: Eugen Fink, phenomenology, nihilism, modernity, ontology
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 153; Downloads: 39
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485. Die moderne BarbareiDamir Barbarić, 2023, review article Abstract: The Modern Barbarianism
In his work, Eugen Fink often confronted the profound problematicity of the contemporary epoch and attempted to illuminate its enigmatic traits in a productive, future-oriented manner. Despite a philosophical fascination with Nietzsche and Heidegger, he apparently did not want to share and radically appropriate for himself their views regarding “the European nihilism.” With a reading of the writings collected in the book Zur Krisenlage des modernen Menschen (On the Crisis Situation of Modern Man), the paper seeks to demonstrate that Fink’s contemplations upon the matter compellingly reveal the obscure sense and nonsense of the actual state of contemporaneity, although they predominantly devote attention solely to its phenomenality. To a certain degree, such an attempt needs to take into account also the philosopher’s speculative thoughts concerning nothingness and death.
Keywords: Eugen Fink, barbarianism, modernity, nihilism, freedom
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 148; Downloads: 31
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486. Sustainability assessment of brown trout populations in Serbia (Central Balkans) using the modified ESHIPPO modelTijana Veličković, Saša Marić, David Stanković, Aleksandra Milošković, Milena Radenković, Radek Šanda, Jasna Vukić, Simona Đuretanović, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: In the inland waters of the Balkans, many brown trout populations have been severely depleted. Therefore, identifying potential threats to their continued survival and ranking populations based on their biological and evolutionary importance enables setting conservation priorities. To assess the sustainability of the brown trout populations in the territory of Serbia (central Balkans), a modification of the ESHIPPO model was performed. The main modification involves incorporating the investigated populations’ genetic structure into the model. Therefore, the new ESHIPPOsalmo model includes an analysis of biological parameters and the impact of multiple factors, including habitat alterations, invasive species, pollution, human population growth, and over-exploitation. In order to investigate individual levels of influence of the model’s analyzed parameters, a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods was used. The structure of the model is based on general and easily measurable indicators, which enables its application in any salmonid river in the world. By evaluating the parameters of the ESHIPPOsalmo model, we were able to establish that, of the analyzed populations from 46 localities, 37% have a moderate level of sustainability, 43% low, and 20% critically low.
Keywords: brown trout, conservation, genetic structure, habitat alterations, invasive species, sustainability
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 194; Downloads: 455
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487. First report of Colletotrichum incanum causing leaf spots on common bean in Europe (Slovenia)Hans-Josef Schroers, Janja Zajc, Barbara Pipan, Vladimir Meglič, Eva Kovačec, Metka Žerjav, 2024, other scientific articles Keywords: leaf spots, Serbia, pathogen detection, common bean, phatoggenecity
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 188; Downloads: 62
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488. Optimizing real-time MI-BCI performance in post-stroke patients : impact of time window duration on classification accuracy and responsivenessAleksandar Miladinović, Agostino Accardo, Joanna Jarmolowska, Uroš Marušič, Miloš Ajčević, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are promising tools for motor neurorehabilitation. Achieving a balance between classification accuracy and system responsiveness is crucial for real-time applications. This study aimed to assess how the duration of time windows affects performance, specifically classification accuracy and the false positive rate, to optimize the temporal parameters of MI-BCI systems. We investigated the impact of time window duration on classification accuracy and false positive rate, employing Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) on data acquired from six post-stroke patients and on the external BCI IVa dataset. EEG signals were recorded and processed using the Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) algorithm for feature extraction. Our results indicate that longer time windows generally enhance classification accuracy and reduce false positives across all classifiers, with LDA performing the best. However, to maintain the real-time responsiveness, crucial for practical applications, a balance must be struck. The results suggest an optimal time window of 1–2 s, offering a trade-off between classification performance and excessive delay to guarantee the system responsiveness. These findings underscore the importance of temporal optimization in MI-BCI systems to improve usability in real rehabilitation scenarios.
Keywords: BCI, EEG, classification, motor imagery
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 113; Downloads: 475
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