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172. The use of machine learning in the diagnosis of kidney allograft rejection : current knowledge and applicationsTanja Belčič Mikič, Miha Arnol, 2024, review article Abstract: Abstract: Kidney allograft rejection is one of the main limitations to long-term kidney transplant survival. The diagnostic gold standard for detecting rejection is a kidney biopsy, an invasive procedure that can often give imprecise results due to complex diagnostic criteria and high interobserver variability. In recent years, several additional diagnostic approaches to rejection have been investigated, some of them with the aid of machine learning (ML). In this review, we addressed studies that investigated the detection of kidney allograft rejection over the last decade using various ML algorithms. Various ML techniques were used in three main categories: (a) histopathologic assessment of kidney tissue with the aim to improve the diagnostic accuracy of a kidney biopsy, (b) assessment of gene expression in rejected kidney tissue or peripheral blood and the development of diagnostic classifiers based on these data, (c) radiologic assessment of kidney tissue using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and the construction of a computer-aided diagnostic system. In histopathology, ML algorithms could serve as a support to the pathologist to avoid misclassifications and overcome interobserver variability. Diagnostic platforms based on biopsy-based transcripts serve as a supplement to a kidney biopsy, especially in cases where histopathologic diagnosis is inconclusive. ML models based on radiologic evaluation or gene signature in peripheral blood may be useful in cases where kidney biopsy is contraindicated in addition to other non-invasive biomarkers. The implementation of ML-based diagnostic methods is usually slow and undertaken with caution considering ethical and legal issues. In summary, the approach to the diagnosis of rejection should be individualized and based on all available diagnostic tools (including ML-based), leaving the responsibility for over- and under-treatment in the hands of the clinician.
Keywords: kidney transplantation, rejection, diagnosis, machine learning, kidney biopsy
Published in DiRROS: 08.12.2025; Views: 82; Downloads: 42
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173. Erythema migrans in patients with post-traumatic splenectomyVera Maraspin-Čarman, Katarina Ogrinc, Petra Bogovič, Tereza Rojko, Eva Ružić-Sabljić, Gary P. Wormser, Franc Strle, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Information on asplenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) patients with erythema migrans (EM) is lacking. We compared the course and outcome of 26 EM episodes in 24 post-trauma splenectomized patients (median age 51 years) diagnosed at a single clinical center in Slovenia during 1994–2023 with those of 52 age- and sex-matched patients with EM but with no history of splenectomy. All patients were followed for one year. A comparison of pre-treatment characteristics revealed that EM in splenectomized patients was of shorter duration before diagnosis (4 vs. 8 days, p = 0.034) with a smaller EM diameter (10.5 vs. 14 cm, p = 0.046), and more frequently fulfilled criteria for disseminated LB (3/26, 11.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.034). Treatment failure occurred in 5/26 (19.2%) EM episodes in splenectomized patients versus 0/52 in non-splenectomized patients (p = 0.003). The five treatment failure cases were retreated with antibiotic regimens used to treat EM and had complete resolution of all symptoms/signs. In conclusion, our study showed that splenectomized adult patients with EM differ somewhat in presentation and more often have treatment failure compared with non-splenectomized patients with EM.
Keywords: erythema migrans, Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease
Published in DiRROS: 08.12.2025; Views: 89; Downloads: 43
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175. Razširjenost dvojnozobega smrekovega lubadarja (Ips duplicatus) v Sloveniji v letu 2025Maarten De Groot, Tine Hauptman, Marija Kolšek, 2025, other scientific articles Abstract: Članek prikazuje rezultate spremljanja razširjenosti vrste Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg, 1836) v Sloveniji v letu 2025. Uporabili smo 12 režastih pasti tipa Theysohn, ki so bile opremljene s feromonom Dupliwit in ID ECOLURE. Prisotnost vrste smo potrdili na dveh lokacijah, skupno pa smo ujeli 4 osebke. Predstavljena je razprava o pomenu teh najdb v kontekstu razširjenosti, spremljanja in upravljanja dvojnozobega smrekovega lubadarja.
Keywords: spremljanje, navadna smreka, Picea abies, podlubniki, invazivna tujerodna vrsta
Published in DiRROS: 08.12.2025; Views: 70; Downloads: 32
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176. Ohranjanje biotske raznovrstnosti : študijska gradiva pri predmetu Ohranjanje biotske raznovrstnosti (5 vsebinskih sklopov)Lado Kutnar, 2025, other educational material Keywords: biotska raznovrstnost, ohranitvena biologija, izumiranje vrst, ravni biotske raznovrstnosti, genetska pestrost, vrstna pestrost, ekosistemska in krajinska pestrost, dejavniki ogrožanja, onesnaženje okolja, invazivne tujerodne vrste, podnebne spremembe, degradacija habitatov, fragmentacija habitatov, mehanizmi ohranjanja biotske raznovrstnosti, rdeči seznam vrst, zavarovane vrste, Natura 2000, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 08.12.2025; Views: 64; Downloads: 25
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179. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) in treatment of mucosal head and neck tumors : an international network for sharing practices on ECT (InspECT) study group reportGiulia Bertino, Marta Minuti, Aleš Grošelj, Črt Jamšek, Barbara Silvestri, Silvia Carpene, Paolo Matteucci, Giuseppe Riva, Giancarlo Pecorari, Matteo Mascherini, Gregor Serša, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of electrochemotherapy (ECT) for the treatment of mucosal tumors in the head and neck. A total of 71 patients with 84 nodules of different histologies in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx treated by ECT were evaluated. The data were collected from the InspECT database from 10 participating centers throughout Europe. Primary and recurrent/secondary tumors of different histologies were treated. The overall response rate was 65 %, with a 33 % complete response rate with limited side effects. The response rates of the primary and secondary tumors were not different. However, smaller tumors responded better than tumors larger than 3 cm in diameter. Furthermore, the tumors that were treated with curative intent responded significantly better than those treated with palliative intent. This study demonstrated the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of ECT in a larger cohort of patients with mucosal lesions in the head and neck region. Based on the available data, ECT can be used for the treatment of recurrent and, in some cases, primary mucosal tumors located in the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx. A better response was obtained in patients with smaller primary tumors treated with curative intent.
Keywords: electrochemotherapy, mucosal cancer, head cancer, neck cancer, ECT
Published in DiRROS: 05.12.2025; Views: 153; Downloads: 60
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180. Phylodynamic inference suggests introductions as main driver of Mpox Clade II outbreak in 2022 in SloveniaBastiaan Van der Roest, Egil A. J. Fischer, Don Klinkenberg, Martin C. J. Bootsma, Mojca Matičič, Katarina Resman Rus, Miša Korva, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Mirjam Kretzschmar, 2025, original scientific article Keywords: global outbreak, Mpox, viral disease, Mpox Clade II
Published in DiRROS: 05.12.2025; Views: 141; Downloads: 54
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