701. Postbiotics derived from recombinant lactic acid bacteria exhibit high IL6-binding capacity and suppress IL6-induced STAT3 signalingAbida Zahirović, Špela Zupančič, Andraž Verdir, Sebastjan Nemec, Slavko Kralj, Luka Snoj, Aleš Berlec, 2025, review article Abstract: Introduction: With growing evidence of clinical efficacy of probiotics in various diseases, safety concerns have arisen regarding the therapeutic use of live probiotic bacteria, especially in critically ill, immunocompromised, and pediatric populations. Serious probiotic-related adverse effects have been reported in these patients, including bloodstream infection and sepsis. This has led to an increased interest in developing postbiotics (non-viable bacterial products) that may exert beneficial effects on the host without the risks associated with administration of live microorganisms. The aim of this study was to explore postbiotic potential of recombinant Lactococcus lactis bacteria that have been engineered to display interleukin 6 (IL6)-targeting affibody (ZIL6) on their surface and are intended for treatment of inflammatory intestinal diseases. Methods: Five different killing treatments were applied to kill bacteria (heat, ethanol, sonication, UV, and gamma irradiation) and their effect on bacterial viability, morphology and functionality was examined in vitro using a combination of different techniques, including microscopy, flow cytometry, immunoassays and cell-based reporter assay. Results: The results showed that ZIL6 affibody displayed on L. lactis via non-covalent anchoring withstood the treatments applied to kill bacteria and remained functional after the loss of microbial viability. The degree of functionality was dependent on the type of treatment. Heat-killed cells retained 50% of the activity of live strain, while most of the activity was preserved after exposure of bacteria to ethanol, sonication, UV and gamma irradiation. The applied treatments varied in killing efficacy, whereby ethanol and heat rendered bacteria non-viable, UV and gamma irradiation yielded non-replicative cells, whereas sonication was ineffective in killing L. lactis. Among non-viable cells, ethanol-killed bacteria exhibited the greatest activity and showed high maximum binding capacity of 200 ng IL6 per mg dry cell weight, possessed strong nanomolar affinity for IL6, and inhibited up to 78% of IL6-induced STAT3 signaling. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that functional non-viable bacterial cells can be derived from the recombinant L. lactis with therapeutic proteins displayed on their surface and provides a good foundations for further studies of their postbiotic potential in adjunctive therapy of inflammatory intestinal diseases.
Keywords: affibody, probiotics, postbiotics, Lactococcus lactis
Published in DiRROS: 03.11.2025; Views: 240; Downloads: 118
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706. Predlog metodologije za spremljanje stanja gozdov za l. 2026 : predlog metodologije v skladu s Pravilnikom o varstvu gozdov (2009) in mednarodnimi zavezami (Konvencija UN/ECE CLRTAP)Daniel Žlindra, Lado Kutnar, Tom Levanič, Anže Martin Pintar, Urša Vilhar, Primož Simončič, Janez Kermavnar, 2025, treatise, preliminary study, study Keywords: monitoring, stanje gozdov, osutost dreves, poškodovanost dreves, rast dreves, meteorološke meritve, ozon, pritalna vegetacija, fenološka opazovanja, foliarni popis, zračne usedline
Published in DiRROS: 03.11.2025; Views: 158; Downloads: 0 |
707. The impact of sanitary felling during large-scale disturbances on regulating ecosystem services in norway spruce-dominated Pre-Alpine beech forests of SloveniaAnže Martin Pintar, Andreja Ferreira, Pia Höfferle, Anže Japelj, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Ecosystem services (ES) are closely linked to nature-based solutions, which can mitigate the negative impacts of climate change or provide society with direct tangible and intangible benefits. In the context of a changing climate, it is essential to preserve these services despite increasing disturbances. In this study, we analysed changes in the structure and composition of the Jelovica forest complex (NW Slovenia) over the past two decades and assessed the provision of key regulating forest ES—specifically, soil erosion control, regulation of surface and groundwater flows, and regional climate regulation. The area has historically seen the artificial promotion of Norway spruce and, in recent decades, has been increasingly affected by large-scale disturbances and bark beetle outbreaks. We examined how these climate-related disturbances have influenced the availability of regulating ES. Over the past twenty years, the share of spruce in the growing stock in the Jelovica area decreased from 67% to 62%. We compared structural and compositional changes between two periods, 2001–2009 and 2015–2023, based on available forest management data. In both periods, mature stands were the dominant developmental stage. In the northwestern part of the Jelovica plateau, where extensive sanitary felling was carried out, the proportion of sapling stands increased significantly—unlike in other parts of the plateau. Areas affected by extensive sanitary felling exhibited statistically significantly lower evapotranspiration and reduced soil erosion control capacity, as well as higher levels of groundwater recharge, compared to other areas.
Keywords: growing stock, natural disturbances, bark beetles, sanitary felling, regulating ecosystem services, groundwater recharge, evapotranspiration, erosion
Published in DiRROS: 03.11.2025; Views: 197; Downloads: 98
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708. Symmetric nonnegative trifactorization of pattern matricesDamjana Kokol-Bukovšek, Helena Šmigoc, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: A factorization of an $n \times n$ nonnegative symmetric matrix $A$ of the form $BCB^T$, where $C$ is a $k \times k$ symmetric matrix, and both $B$ and $C$ are required to be nonnegative, is called the Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Trifactorization (SN-Trifactorization). The SNT-rank of $A$ is the minimal $k$ for which such factorization exists. The SNT-rank of a simple graph $G$ that allows loops is defined to be the minimal possible SNT-rank of all symmetric nonnegative matrices whose zero-nonzero pattern is prescribed by the graph $G$. We define set-join covers of graphs, and show that finding the SNT-rank of $G$ is equivalent to finding the minimal order of a set-join cover of $G$. Using this insight we develop basic properties of the SNT-rank for graphs and compute it for trees and cycles without loops. We show the equivalence between the SNT-rank for complete graphs and the Katona problem, and discuss uniqueness of patterns of matrices in the factorization.
Keywords: mathematics, mathematical economy, matrix algebra, nonnegative matrix factorization, nonnegative symmetric matrices, symmetric nonnegative trifactorization, pattern matrices
Published in DiRROS: 03.11.2025; Views: 139; Downloads: 78
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709. Country report - Slovenia : Deliverable D5.4 1 country reportSandra Končan, Mateja Sedmak, Zorana Medarić, Ksenija Perković, Barbara Gornik, 2025, final research report Abstract: The objective of WP3 was to design a programme of activities tailored to each local context and the needs of 30 migrant women participants and to implement the programme during a six-month period to conclude which practices have a potential of sustainability and can contribute to migrant women’s integration. The developed Activity Cluster programme consists of three clusters: Upskilling, Awareness-raising, and Social. In each cluster, several sub-activities were designed, covering various topics related to work, education, awareness of rights and duties and social interaction in the local environment. After the implementation of the programme, it was concluded which activities were the most successful and what could be adapted to improve local integration of migrant women.
Keywords: social integration, economic integration, PITCH model
Published in DiRROS: 03.11.2025; Views: 193; Downloads: 67
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710. $F$-birestriction monoids in enriched signatureGanna Kudryavtseva, Ajda Lemut Furlani, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Motivated by recent interest to $F$-inverse monoids, on the one hand, and to restriction and birestriction monoids, on the other hand, we initiate the study of $F$-birestriction monoids as algebraic structures in the enriched signature $(\cdot, \, ^*, \,^+, \, ^\mathfrak{m},1)$ where the unary operation $(\cdot)^\mathfrak{m}$ maps each element to the maximum element of its $\sigma$-class. We find a presentation of the free $F$-birestriction monoid ${\mathsf{FFBR}}(X)$ as a birestriction monoid ${\mathcal F}$ over the extended set of generators $X\cup\overline{X^+}$ where $\overline{X^+}$ is a set in a bijection with the free semigroup $X^+$ and encodes the maximum elements of (non-projection) $\sigma$-classes. This enables us to show that ${\mathsf{FFBR}}(X)$ decomposes as the partial action product $E({\mathcal I})\rtimes X^*$ of the idempotent semilattice of the universal inverse monoid ${\mathcal I}$ of ${\mathcal F}$ partially acted upon by the free monoid $X^*$. Invoking Schützenberger graphs, we prove that the word problem for ${\mathsf{FFBR}}(X)$ and its strong and perfect analogues is decidable. Furthermore, we show that ${\mathsf{FFBR}}(X)$ does not admit a geometric model based on a quotient of the Margolis-Meakin expansion $M({\mathsf{FG}}(X), X\cup \overline{X^+})$ over the free group ${\mathsf{FG}}(X)$, but the free perfect $X$-generated $F$-birestriction monoid admits such a model.
Keywords: birestriction monoid, F-birestriction monoid, free F-birestriction monoid, inverse monoid, F-inverse monoid, Margolis-Meakin expansion, Schützenberger graph, partial action, partial action product
Published in DiRROS: 03.11.2025; Views: 201; Downloads: 105
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