321. Borova ogorčica, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer, 1934) Nickle, 1970 - nova nevarnost za slovenske gozdove?Maja Jurc, Gregor Urek, Saša Širca, Vid Mikulič, Branko Glavan, 2003, review article Abstract: V prispevku obravnavamo borovo ogorčico (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), ki je v Evropi (tudi v Sloveniji) uvrščena na karantensko listo A1. Vrsta je izredno napadalna, povzroča hitro propadanje iglavcev - predvsem vrst rodu Pinus, redko Picea, Abies in Larix. Prikazan je njen areal, ekološke zahteve, gostitelji, bionomija ter simptomi napada na borih. V okviru bionomije borove ogorčice so posebej predstavljeni njeni potrjeni vektorji (Insecta: Cerambycidae - rod Monochamus) in tudi njeni potencialni vektorji (Insecta: Curculionidae - rod Pissodes in Scolytidae). Podajamo razširjenost potencialnih gostiteljskih rastlin borove ogorčice pri nas, podnebne razmere ter kritične točke za vnos in širjenje škodljivca. Ocenjujemo stopnjo fitosanitarnega tveganja pojava borove ogorčice v Sloveniji.
Keywords: nematode, borova ogorčica, fitosanitarno tveganje, bionomija, iglavci, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2020; Views: 1391; Downloads: 429
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322. Živeti s podlubniki : trajnostno upravljanje gozdov v EvropiMaja Jurc, 2020, review article Abstract: Gozdovi pokrivajo več kot 31 odstotkov kopnega, evropski gozdovi, skupaj z ruskimi, pa 44,3 odstotka površine Evrazije. Že stoletja gozdovi zagotavljajo človeštvu bistvene ekosistemske storitve in ekonomske dobičke. Vrednosti gozdov vedno bolj ogrožajo ekstremni dogodki, kot so suša, orkanski veter ter podlubniki. Prav tako so nekatere prejšnje prakse upravljanja z gozdovi pomembno povečale njihovo ranljivost. Tako so v minulem stoletju zaradi relativno hitre rasti in dobrih lastnosti lesa sadili navadno smreko (Picea abies) v monokulturah v nižinskih območjih, zunaj njenega naravnega areala. Nastala so velika območja tako imenovanih sekundarnih gozdov, v katerih pešajo zdravje, vitalnost in odpornost smreke in njeni sestoji so izredno občutljivi za številne motnje, med katerimi so najpomembnejši smrekovi podlubniki (predvsem Ips typographus). Namen prispevka je pomoč nacionalnim oblikovalcem politik razumeti zapletene vloge, ki jih imajo podlubniki v gozdovih, in predstaviti najpomembnejše znanstvene podlage za gozdno politiko in različne možnosti upravljanja s podlubniki v evropskih gozdovih.
Keywords: podlubniki, gozdovi, trajnostno gospodarjenje, strategije, ukrepi, Evropa
Published in DiRROS: 14.11.2020; Views: 1691; Downloads: 471
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323. Prevalence of and factors associated with healthcare-associated infections in Slovenian acute care hospitals : results of the third national surveyIrena Klavs, Mojca Serdt, Aleš Korošec, Tatjana Lejko-Zupanc, Blaž Pečavar, 2019, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction. In the third Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals, we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified factors associated with them. Methods. Patients were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in November 2017. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors. Results. Among 5,743 patients, 4.4% had at least one HAI and an additional 2.2% were still treated for HAIs on the day of the survey, with a prevalence of HAIs of 6.6%. The prevalence of pneumoniae was the highest (1.8%), followed by surgical site infections (1.5%) and urinary tract infections (1.2%). Prevalence of blood stream infections was 0.3%. In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 30.6%. Factors associated with HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.1–5.4), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3–3.9), urinary catheter (aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4–2.3). Conclusions. The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute care hospitals in 2017 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
Keywords: healthcare-associated infections, prevalence, survey, risk factors, Slovenia
Published in DiRROS: 16.10.2020; Views: 2474; Downloads: 911
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324. Cabbage and fermented vegetables : from death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19Jean Bousquet, Josep M. Antò i Boquè, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Tari Haahtela, Susana C. Fonseca, Guido Laccarino, Hubert Blain, Alain Vidal, Aziz Sheikh, Cezmi A. Akdis, Torsten Zuberbier, Samo Kreft, Klemen Jenko, Maja Jošt, Peter Kopač, Mitja Košnik, Karmen Kramer Vrščaj, Bojan Madjar, Davor Plavec, Tanja Soklič, Jure Urbančič, Mihaela Zidarn, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage were associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-Cov-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistanceas well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block the AT1R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are given: Kimchi in Korea, westernized foods and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.
Keywords: COVID-19, diet, sulforaphane, Lactobacillus, Angiotensin converting enzyme 2, kimchi, cabbage, fermented vegetable
Published in DiRROS: 07.10.2020; Views: 1433; Downloads: 335
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325. Priporočila za obravnavo bolnikov s pljučnim rakomMartina Vrankar, Nina Boc, Izidor Kern, Aleš Rozman, Karmen Stanič, Tomaž Štupnik, Mojca Unk, Maja Ebert Moltara, Vesna Zadnik, Katja Adamič, Jernej Benedik, Marko Bitenc, Jasna But-Hadžić, Anton Crnjac, Eva Ćirić, Tanja Čufer, Goran Gačevski, Marta Globočnik Kukovica, Kristina Gornik-Kramberger, Maja Ivanetič Pantar, Staša Jelerčič, Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik, Mile Kovačević, Luka Ležaič, Mateja Marc-Malovrh, Katja Mohorčič, Bogdan Vidmar, Dušanka Vidovič, Gregor Vlačić, Ana Lina Vodušek, Rok Zbačnik, Ivana Žagar, 2020, professional article Keywords: pljučni rak, priporočila
Published in DiRROS: 22.09.2020; Views: 1921; Downloads: 726
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327. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? : protocol for a systematic reviewJean Bousquet, Josep M. Antò i Boquè, Guido Laccarino, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Tari Haahtela, Aram Anto, Cezmi A. Akdis, Hubert Blain, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Karmen Kramer Vrščaj, Tari Haahtela, Mitja Košnik, Anja Koren, Peter Kopač, Maja Jošt, Samo Kreft, Klemen Jenko, Bojan Madjar, Davor Plavec, Tanja Soklič, Jure Urbančič, Mihaela Zidarn, 2020, review article Abstract: Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.
Keywords: coronavirus, diet, angiotensin-converting enzyme, antioxidant, food
Published in DiRROS: 09.09.2020; Views: 1549; Downloads: 1206
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328. Spremljanje tujerodnih ambrozijskih podlubnikov : tudi doma izdelane pasti so lahko učinkoviteLuka Pajek, Tine Hauptman, Maja Jurc, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Ambrozijske podlubnike uvrščamo med najpomembnejše tujerodne invazivne organizme. Še posebej uspešna pri osvajanju novih območij pa je vrsta Xyosandrus germanus, ki je bila leta 2000 prvič najdena tudi v Sloveniji. Namen naše naloge je bil potrditi razširjenost in ugotoviti velikost populacije X. germanus v revirju Šentvid (KE ZGS Škofljica). Vrsto smo spremljali s pomočjo pasti iz odpadnih plastenk, ki smo jih naredili sami. Postavljene so bile v treh različnih gozdnih sestojih, in sicer smo v vsakem sestoju postavili štiri pasti z različnimi vabami (etanol, denaturiran etanol, kombinacija etanola in %-pinena ter kontrolna past brez vabe), v zbirni posodi je bil konzervans etilen glikol. Pasti smo spremljali osem tednov, v obdobju med 26. 4. 2017 in 20. 6. 2017, jih tedensko praznili, ulov pa determinirali v Laboratoriju za ekološke raziskave - entomologija, Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire BF. Ujeli smo 11.460 osebkov X. germanus, kar je v skupnem ulovu pomenilo kar 90,09 % celotnega ulova hroščev oziroma 95,30 % celotnega ulova podlubnikov. Tako številčen ulov kaže na to, da je populacija X. germanus na raziskovalnem območju velika. Poleg vrste X. germanus smo potrdili še enega tujerodnega ambrozijskega podlubnika, in sicer vrsto Gnathotrichus materiarius. Naši rezultati kažejo, da ni večjih razlik v učinkovitosti privabljanja vrste X. germanus med testiranimi vabami. Glede na število ujetih osebkov vrste X. germanus pa lahko trdimo, da so tudi doma narejene pasti iz odpadnih plastenk lahko primerno orodje za spremljanje tujerodnih ambrozijskih podlubnikov.
Keywords: gozdovi, ambrozijski podlubniki, invazivne tujerodne vrste, Xylosandrus germanus, spremljanje, pasti, vabe, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 09.09.2020; Views: 5560; Downloads: 1734
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329. The impact of scald development on phenylpropanoid metabolism based on phenol content, enzyme activity, and gene expression analysisAnka Čebulj, Heidrun Halbwirth, Maja Mikulič Petkovšek, Robert Veberič, Ana Slatnar, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: scald, gene expression, hydroxycinnamic acids, color, enzyme activity, phenol content, scald development, apples, cold storage
Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2020; Views: 1758; Downloads: 552
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