| Title: | Deuterium retention in tungsten, tungsten carbide and tungsten-ditungsten carbide composites |
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| Authors: | ID Jenuš, Petra, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Abram, Anže, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Novak, Saša, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Kelemen, Mitja, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Pečovnik, Matic, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Schwarz-Selinger, Thomas (Author)
ID Markelj, Sabina, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022311523002234?via%3Dihub
 PDF - Presentation file, download (5,58 MB)
MD5: 7D530BA2976D3876960683554D2C6F6C
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  IJS - Jožef Stefan Institute
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| Abstract: | The selection of the most suitable material for the EU DEMO divertor is still underway. Current research focuses on the development of tungsten-based materials for plasma-facing applications. In addition to other requirements, the candidate material must also exhibit low intrinsic hydrogen isotope retention. To verify the suitability of the tungsten carbide-containing materials, we examined the effect of carbon in the form of carbide or free carbon on deuterium (D) retention. The samples were consolidated by Field Assisted Sintering (FAST) and examined in terms of phase composition and microstructure before the d-retention studies. The Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) technique was used to determine the depth distribution of D after the exposure to D plasma (fluence of 1.3 × 1024 D/m2 and 1.3 × 1025 D/m2 and an exposure temperature of 370 K and 523 K, respectively). Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) was used to measure the D desorption spectra. The surfaces of samples exposed to D plasma were also examined in terms of microstructure by scanning electron microscopy. The study has shown that apart from the d-fluence and exposure temperature, the materials’ composition plays a vital role in d-retention, accompanied by blisters and pillar formation. The lowest d-retention was observed for tungsten and the highest in the W-W2C composite. The blisters and pillars were formed in these two materials but not in the WC, which also contains free carbon. At higher D fluence, approximately 15 to 20-times more blisters and pillars were formed in the W-W2C composite than in the tungsten prepared by the same method. The results suggest that the number of defects causing higher d-retention is the highest in W-W2C. On the other hand, the absence of surface irregularities in the WC-C sample after D retention studies indicates that the cause for higher D retention does not lie in the carbides, but, presumably, the microstructural and crystal lattice defects govern the D retention in tungsten-tungsten carbide systems. |
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| Keywords: | tungsten, (di)tungsten carbide, deuterium, nuclear reaction analysis, thermal desorption spectroscopy |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 11.11.2022 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 15.04.2023 |
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| Publication date: | 16.04.2023 |
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| Publisher: | Elsevier |
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| Year of publishing: | 2023 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 1-7 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 581, [article no.] 154455 |
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| Source: | Nizozemska |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-23470  |
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| UDC: | 539.1 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1873-4820 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154455 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 150395139 |
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| Copyright: | © 2023 The Authors. |
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| Note: | Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Soavtorji iz Slovenije: A. Abram, S. Novak, M. Kelemen, M. Pečovnik, S. Markelj;
Opis vira z dne 25. 4. 2023;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 03.09.2025 |
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| Views: | 346 |
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| Downloads: | 133 |
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