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Title: Carbonation of lightweight alkali-activated aggregates based on biomass fly ash : effect on microstructure and leaching behavior Authors: ID Tesovnik, Anže (Author) ID Lisbeth M., Ottosen (Author) ID Ducman, Vilma (Author) Files: URL - Source URL, visit https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525008125   PDF - Presentation file, download (7,95 MB) MD5: 7D8D32DA1562B7242BCCC8AEAA8195C1   DOCX - Supplement, download (1,05 MB) MD5: 71C4A6952D5B7F0DC88B2A267C790B91   This document has even more files. Complete list of files is available below. Language: English Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article Organization: ZAG - Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute Abstract: Artificial aggregates offer a sustainable solution to large-scale waste utilization and the increasing demand for limited natural aggregates. This study extends the understanding of the production of artificial lightweight aggregates with a variable rotation speed approach based solely on biomass fly ash (BFA) alkali-activated materials (AAMs). Systematic variation of alkali content and solution density at a constant water-to-solids ratio showed that alkali concentration significantly influences granulation beyond what can be explained by water availability. The interplay between alkali activation and carbonation was investigated using different mix designs and curing conditions, as well as comparing simultaneous curing carbonation with post-cure carbonation. The results were evaluated with regard to the effects on the macro- and microstructural properties as well as on the leaching behavior. Prolonged carbonation initiated after aggregate formation resulted in premature depletion of Ca, limiting the development of C-A-S-H gels and increasing microporosity, leading to a reduction in mechanical properties. In contrast, post-curing carbonation maintained a compressive strength of over 1 MPa while still allowing carbonation benefits, resulting in compressive strengths comparable to lightweight expanded clay aggregates. Carbonation also proved to be an effective leaching mitigation strategy by stabilizing heavy metals through both physical encapsulation and chemical pH regulation. These results underline the importance of carbonation timing in high Ca AAMs and highlight lightweight aggregates as a viable pathway for BFA valorization, CO₂ sequestration and sustainable construction applications. This approach offers an alternative valorization strategy for BFA facing regulatory restrictions for direct use in cement, while contributing to carbon capture and circular economy initiatives. Keywords: artificial aggregates, lightweight aggregates, biomass ash, alkali-activated materials, leaching, carbonation Publication status: Published Publication version: Version of Record Publication date: 04.07.2025 Publisher: Elsevier Year of publishing: 2025 Number of pages: str. 1-18 Numbering: Vol. 23, [article no.] e05014 PID: 20.500.12556/DiRROS-23034  UDC: 620.1/.2 ISSN on article: 2214-5095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e05014  COBISS.SI-ID: 242644483  Copyright: © 2025 The Authors Publication date in DiRROS: 18.07.2025 Views: 439 Downloads: 456 Metadata:    Cite this work Plain text BibTeX EndNote XML EndNote/Refer RIS ABNT ACM Ref AMA APA Chicago 17th Author-Date Harvard IEEE ISO 690 MLA Vancouver : Copy citation

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Record is a part of a journal

Title:	Case studies in construction materials
Publisher:	Elevier
ISSN:	2214-5095
COBISS.SI-ID:	520377881

Document is financed by a project

Funder:	EC - European Commission
Funding programme:	HE
Project number:	101058162
Name:	Integration of Underutilized Ashes into Material Cycles by Industry-Urban Symbiosis
Acronym:	AshCycle

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Funder:	ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:	P2-0273
Name:	Gradbeni objekti in materiali

Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.

Secondary language

Language:	Slovenian
Keywords:	umetni agregati, lahki agregati, biomasni pepel, alkalijsko aktivirani materiali, izluževanje, karbonatizacija

Collection

This document is a collection and includes these documents:

1. Alkali-activated artificial aggregates

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