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Title:Prehrana - podporni steber učinkovitosti
Authors:ID Teraž, Kaja (Author)
Files:.pdf PDF - Presentation file, download (9,10 MB)
MD5: FC19D72F3CC17BF55E88B031AF937B33
 
.pdf PDF - Presentation file, download (6,22 MB)
MD5: 8C8D163C82F3F189E6279A1E350D8ACB
 
Language:Slovenian
Typology:1.16 - Independent Scientific Component Part or a Chapter in a Monograph
Organization:Logo ZRS Koper - Science and Research Centre Koper
Abstract:Pravilno uravnotežena prehrana vojakov pomeni ustrezen energijski vnos, ki vsebuje optimalno razporeditev makro- in mikrohranil. Je nujno potrebna za krepitev zdravja, preprečevanje bolezni in okužb, odpravljanje poškodb in vzdrževanje telesne temperature. Vojaška populacija je po spolu, starosti in zadolžitvah heterogena ter opravlja fizično in kognitivno različne poklicne naloge. Prehranski načrti v vojski morajo tako izpolnjevati različne potrebe po energiji in posamičnih hranilih. Posledice neustrezne prehrane vojakov so lahko previsoka telesna masa, zmanjšana imunska odpornost, podaljšano okrevanje po bolezni in poškodbi in oslabljena telesna zmogljivost. Neustrezen vnos specifičnih hranil, kot so beljakovine, železo, kalcij in vitamin D, pripomore k poslabšani regeneraciji vojakov, kar hkrati vpliva na povečano možnost pojavnosti poškodb. Potrebe po energiji in hranilih se dodatno spreminjajo glede na različne zunanje dejavnike, kot so okoljske temperature in nadmorska višina. Na višji nadmorski višini energijske potrebe narastejo predvsem zaradi hipoksije, dodatne opreme in oblačil vojakov. Prehrana na terenu je pogosto otežena tudi zaradi prenosa živil s seboj, saj ta v nahrbtniku predstavljajo dodatno težo, ki jo morajo prenašati vojaki. Zato se priporoča, da vojaki uživajo energijsko bogatejšo hrano, ki pa ima pogosto nizko vrednost vitaminov in mineralov. Hkrati je treba biti pozoren na zadosten vnos beljakovin, saj lahko negativno dušikovo/beljakovinsko ravnovesje spodbudi izgubo mišične mase. V ekstremnih okoljskih pogojih je treba zagotoviti tudi ustrezno hidracijsko stanje s pitjem vode ter dodajanjem soli in/ali sladkorjev in/ali škroba. Ustrezna prehrana je tako ključnega pomena za optimalne čustvene, kognitivne in fizične zmogljivosti vojaka in mora biti skrbno prilagojena zadolžitvam posameznika
Keywords:hranila, dopolnila, hidracija, aktivnost na terenu, uravnotežena prehrana, vojaki
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year of publishing:2025
Number of pages:Str. 71-92
PID:20.500.12556/DiRROS-22364 New window
UDC:613
DOI:10.35469/978-961-7195-66-8 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:236361219 New window
Note:Opis vira z dne 19.5.2025; Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Publication date in DiRROS:19.05.2025
Views:389
Downloads:252
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Record is a part of a monograph

Title:Dvig telesne in bojne pripravljenosti pripadnikov Slovenske vojske
Editors:Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot, Janez Vodičar
Place of publishing:Koper
Publisher:Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper, Annales ZRS
Year of publishing:2025
ISBN:978-961-7195-66-8
COBISS.SI-ID:230764035 New window
Collection title:Knjižnica Annales Kinesiologiae

Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.

Secondary language

Language:English
Abstract:A balanced diet for soldiers is an adequate energy intake with an optimal distribution of macro- and micronutrients. It is essential for promoting health, preventing disease and infection, recovering from injury and maintaining body temperature. The military population is heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, and duties and performs physically and cognitively diverse occupational tasks. Military nutrition plans must therefore fulfil very different energy and individual nutritional needs. Inadequate nutrition can lead to obesity, reduced immune defences, prolonged recovery time from illness and injury, and reduced physical performance. Inadequate intake of certain nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin D contributes to impaired recovery, which in turn increases the likelihood of injury. Requirements also depend on various external factors such as environmental temperatures and altitude. In the field, carrying food is also often a challenge, as the extra food in the rucksack represents additional weight that soldiers have to carry. It is therefore recommended that soldiers consume more energy-dense foods, which are often low in vitamins and minerals. At the same time, attention should be paid to ensure sufficient protein intake, as a negative nitrogen/protein balance can promote muscle breakdown. In extreme environmental conditions, it is also necessary to ensure adequate hydration status by drinking water and supplementing with salt and/or sugar and/or starch. Thus, adequate nutrition is critical to the soldier’s optimal emotional, cognitive and physical performance and must be carefully tailored to the task at hand.
Keywords:nutrients, supplements, hydration, field activity, balanced diet, soldiers


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