| Title: | Rapid immobilisation of chemical reactions in alkali-activated materials using solely microwave irradiation |
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| Authors: | ID Tesovnik, Anže (Author)
ID Horvat, Barbara (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12556/DiRROS-20199
URL - Source URL, visit https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/14/12/1219
 PDF - Presentation file, download (11,10 MB)
MD5: C8BB23FE3A42B17D8F776F1631CCEB80
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  ZAG - Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute
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| Abstract: | Efflorescence, a time-dependent and water-driven phenomenon, is a major concern inalkali-activated materials (AAMs), impacting their practical use and preservation in a time-frozen state for post-characterisation. Although a method for stopping chemical reactions in conventional cements exists, it is time-consuming and not chemical-free. Therefore, this study explored the effects of low-power microwave-induced dehydration on efflorescence, mechanical performance, and structural integrity in AAMs, to create an alternative and more “user-friendly” dehydration method. For this purpose, several mixtures based on secondary raw (slag, fly ash, glass wool, and rock wool) and non-waste (metakaolin) materials were activated with a commercial Na-silicate solution in ratios that promoted or prevented efflorescence. Characterisation techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, showed that microwave dehydration effectively removed water without altering crystallinity, while mercury intrusion porosimetry and compressive strength tests confirmed increased porosity. In addition to being an efficient, time-saving, and solvent-free manner of stopping the reactions in AAMs, microwave irradiation emerged as an innovative, chemical-free method for evaluating curing finalisation and engineering foams in a stage when all other existing methods fail. However, the artificially provoked efflorescence in aged dehydrated AAMs connected the slipperiness of AAM with the instant extraction of Na, which raised the need for further research into alternative alkali replacements to evaluate the practical use of AAM. |
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| Keywords: | materials chemistry, alkali-activated materials, geopolymers, slag, fly ash, rock wool, glass wool, metakaolin, microwave irradiation, dehydration, stopping chemical reactions, efflorescence |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 29.11.2024 |
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| Publisher: | MDPI AG |
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| Year of publishing: | 2024 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 1-30 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 14, iss. 12, [article no.] 1219 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-21107  |
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| UDC: | 54 |
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| ISSN on article: | 2075-163X |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/min14121219 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 217643779 |
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| Copyright: | © 2024 by the authors. |
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 23.12.2024 |
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| Views: | 29 |
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| Downloads: | 14 |
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