| Title: | Characterization of bloom iron smelting site remains in Pržanj, Slovenia |
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| Authors: | ID Burja, Jaka (Author)
ID Šetina, Barbara (Author)
ID Pavlovič, Daša (Author) |
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| Files: |  PDF - Presentation file, download (4,23 MB)
MD5: 37C7DCEAE62780239DCB9289D769AF74
 URL - Source URL, visit https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/7/8/185
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  IMT - Institute of Metals and Technology
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| Abstract: | This paper gives an overview of findings, connected with metallurgical activity, at the Pržanj archeological site near Ljubljana, Slovenia. More than 230 kg of slag and other remains connected with early medieval (from the 5th to the 12th century AD) metallurgical activities was found at the excavation site. The remains were grouped into four categories, i.e., furnace remains, ore, slag and a ferrous product, and analyzed in detail to obtain their chemical composition, microstructural characteristics, and mineral phase composition. The furnace wall remains, identified by their morphology and chemical composition, revealed an intensive iron processing activity at the site. The iron ore at the site was identified as goethite (FeO(OH)), a surprising find in Slovenia where limonite is typically used, and its presence suggests the potential exploitation of local bog iron ore, given the site’s geological context. Abundant slag remains at the site, identified by their shape, molten microstructure, and mineral components like wuestite, fayalite, and hercynite, indicated sophisticated smelting practices, including the use of CaO-rich materials to lower the melting temperature, a technique likely preserved from antiquity. Findings of ferrous products at ancient metallurgical sites are rare due to their value, but the discovery of a corroded iron bloom conglomerate at this site, initially mistaken for furnace remains, highlights the challenges in identifying small, corroded ferrous fragments that are often misidentified as ore. The results indicate extensive metallurgical activity at the excavation site, marking it as the first documented early medieval iron smelting production site in Slovenia. |
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| Keywords: | bloom iron, bloomery slag, archaeometallurgy, microstructure |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 01.08.2024 |
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| Publisher: | MDPI |
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| Year of publishing: | 2024 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 3919–3931 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 7, iss. 8 |
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| Source: | Švica |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-19931  |
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| UDC: | 669.1:904(497.4Ljubljana)"653" |
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| ISSN on article: | 2571-9408 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/heritage7080185 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 202993923 |
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| Copyright: | © 2024 by the authors |
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| Note: | Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Opis vira z dne 29. 7. 2024;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 29.07.2024 |
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| Views: | 336 |
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| Downloads: | 238 |
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