| Title: | Combined toxic effects of BPA and its two analogues BPAP and BPC in a 3D HepG2 cell model |
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| Authors: | ID Štampar, Martina (Author)
ID Ravnjak, Tim (Author)
ID Domijan, Ana-Marija (Author)
ID Žegura, Bojana (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073085
 PDF - Presentation file, download (2,18 MB)
MD5: D8E8BD5B449DA2080435F8608E77E959
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  NIB - National Institute of Biology
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| Abstract: | Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly used substances in the manufacture ofvarious everyday products. Growing concerns about its hazardous properties, including endocrinedisruption and genotoxicity, have led to its gradual replacement by presumably safer analogues inmanufacturing plastics. The widespread use of BPA and, more recently, its analogues has increasedtheir residues in the environment. However, our knowledge of their toxicological profiles is limitedand their combined effects are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effectscaused by single bisphenols and by the combined exposure of BPA and its two analogues, BPAP andBPC, after short (24-h) and prolonged (96-h) exposure in HepG2 spheroids. The results showed thatBPA did not reduce cell viability in HepG2 spheroids after 24-h exposure. In contrast, BPAP andBPC affected cell viability in HepG2 spheroids. Both binary mixtures (BPA/BPAP and BPA/BPC)decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but the significant difference was only observedfor the combination of BPA/BPC (both at 40μM). After 96-h exposure, none of the BPs studiedaffected cell viability in HepG2 spheroids. Only the combination of BPA/BPAP decreased cellviability in a dose-dependent manner that was significant for the combination of 4μM BPA and 4μMBPAP. None of the BPs and their binary mixtures studied affected the surface area and growth ofspheroids as measured by planimetry. In addition, all BPs and their binary mixtures studied triggeredoxidative stress, as measured by the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde,at both exposure times. Overall, the results suggest that it is important to study the effects of BPsas single compounds. It is even more important to study the effects of combined exposures, as thecombined effects may differ from those induced by single compounds. |
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| Keywords: | BP analogues, hepatic in vitro 3D cell model, combined exposure, viability, oxidative stress, toxicology |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 30.03.2023 |
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| Year of publishing: | 2023 |
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| Number of pages: | str. [1]-16 |
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| Numbering: | iss. 7, art. 3085 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-19251  |
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| UDC: | 577 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1420-3049 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules28073085 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 148108803 |
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| Note: | Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Opis vira z dne 6. 4. 2023;
Soavtorji: Tim Ravnjak, Ana-Marija Domijan and Bojana Žegura;
Št. članka: 3085;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 12.07.2024 |
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| Views: | 694 |
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| Downloads: | 243 |
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