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Title:Pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced physical activity : insights from the human step reduction model and animal analogues
Authors:ID Sarto, Fabio (Author)
ID Bottinelli, Roberto (Author)
ID Franchi, Martino V. (Author)
ID Porcelli, Simone (Author)
ID Šimunič, Boštjan (Author)
ID Pišot, Rado (Author)
ID Narici, Marco Vicenzo (Author)
Files:URL URL - Source URL, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13986
 
.pdf PDF - Presentation file, download (6,91 MB)
MD5: 70075E9886C271C4A1FFFB144FB81726
 
Language:English
Typology:1.02 - Review Article
Organization:Logo ZRS Koper - Science and Research Centre Koper
Abstract:Physical inactivity represents a heavy burden for modern societies and is spreading worldwide, it is a recognised pandemic and is the fourth cause of global mortality. Not surprisingly, there is an increasing interest in longitudinal studies on the impact of reduced physical activity on different physiological systems. This narrative review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms of step reduction (SR), an experimental paradigm that involves a sudden decrease in participants’ habitual daily steps to a lower level, mimicking the effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Analogous animal models of reduced physical activity, namely the “wheel-lock” and the “cage reduction” models, which can provide the foundation for human studies, are also discussed. The empirical evidence obtained thus far shows that even brief periods of reduced physical activity can lead to substantial alterations in skeletal muscle health and metabolic function. In particular, decrements in lean/muscle mass, muscle function, muscle protein synthesis, cardiorespiratory fitness, endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, together with an increased fat mass and inflammation, have been observed. Exercise interventions seem particularly effective for counteracting these pathophysiological alterations induced by periods of reduced physical activity. A direct comparison of SR with other human models of unloading, such as bed rest and lower limb suspension/immobilisation, is presented. In addition, we propose a conceptual framework aiming to unravel the mechanisms of muscle atrophy and insulin resistance in the specific context of reduced ambulatory activity. Finally, methodological considerations, knowledge gaps and future directions for both animal and human models are also discussed in the review.
Keywords:physical inactivity, cage reduction, insulin sensitivity, muscle atrophy
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Article acceptance date:09.05.2023
Publication date:22.05.2023
Year of publishing:2023
Number of pages:19 str.
Numbering:Vol. 288, iss. 3, [article no.] e13986
PID:20.500.12556/DiRROS-16671 New window
UDC:612.74
ISSN on article:1748-1716
DOI:10.1111/apha.13986 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:152393731 New window
Copyright:© 2023 The Authors.
Note:Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji: Roberto Bottinelli, Martino V. Franchi, Simone Porcelli, Bostjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot, Marco V. Narici; Opis vira z dne 17. 5. 2023;
Publication date in DiRROS:29.06.2023
Views:744
Downloads:462
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Acta physiologica
Publisher:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ISSN:1748-1716
COBISS.SI-ID:2917396 New window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:22.05.2023

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:telesna neaktivnost, inzulinska občutljivost


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