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Title:Rare earth elements and yttrium in cold mineral and thermal (~30-60 °C) waters from Tertiary aquifers in the Mura Basin, north-eastern Slovenia: a review
Authors:ID Kralj, Polona (Author)
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Language:English
Typology:1.02 - Review Article
Organization:Logo GeoZS - Geological Survey of Slovenia
Abstract:Cold mineral and thermal waters from Tertiary aquifers in the Mura Basin mainly belong to the Ca-(Mg)-(Na)-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 hydrogeochemical facies, respectively, and the concentrations of yttrium (Y) and lanthanides or rare earth elements (REEs) are far below (10-2 – 10-4) the abundances in the aquifer sediments. Mineral waters are high pCO2, and the plots of concentrations of YREEs normalised to Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) show fractionation of Y and heavy REEs (HREEs) over light REEs (LREEs), and a significant positive europium (Eu) anomaly. Thermal water from regionally developed aquifer Thermal I (recently also termed the Mura/Ujfalu Formation aquifer) shows a similar PAAS-normalised pattern with an obvious positive Eu anomaly and the tendency of enrichment with middle REEs (MREEs). The plots of PAAS-normalised YREE concentrations in thermal waters from the underlying low-permeability aquifers with poorly developed fracture porosity and abundant CO2 are flat with insignificant positive Eu anomaly. The abundance and fractionation of YREEs in mineral and thermal waters seems to be mainly controlled by the presence of carbonate complexing ligands, permeability of the aquifers and the related time of water-rock interaction.
Keywords:rare earth elements, Yttrium, mineral waters, thermal waters, well cycling, Mura Basin
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Publisher:Geološki zavod Slovenije
Year of publishing:2022
Number of pages:str. 73-92
Numbering:vol. 65, no. 1
PID:20.500.12556/DiRROS-15333 New window
UDC:556.3
ISSN on article:0016-7789
DOI:10.5474/geologija.2022.005 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:116550403 New window
Publication date in DiRROS:27.07.2022
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Downloads:351
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Geologija
Publisher:Geološki zavod Slovenije
ISSN:0016-7789

Document is financed by a project

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:J4-7062
Name:Proteomika kot orodje za spremljanje biosinteznih procesov

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:P1-0025
Name:Mineralne surovine

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:22.07.2022

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Elementi redkih zemelj in itrij v hladnih mineralnih in termalnih (~30-60 °C) vodah iz terciarnih vodonosnikov Murskega bazena v severovzhodni Sloveniji: pregled dosedanjih raziskav
Abstract:Hladne mineralne vode iz terciarnih vodonosnikov Murskega bazena večinoma pripadajo Ca-(Mg)-(Na)-HCO3ali Na-HCO3 hidrogeokemičnemu faciesu, koncentracije itrija (Y) in lantanoidov oziroma elementov redkih zemelj (REE) pa so za faktor 10-2 do 10-4 nižje od vsebnosti v prikamnini vodonosnika. Za mineralne vode je značilen visok pCO2, grafi koncentracij YREE, normaliziranih na vsebnosti Po arhajskega avstralskega skrilavca (PAAS) pa kažejo na frakcionacijo, ki se odraža v sorazmerno višji vsebnosti Y in težkih REE (HREE) glede na lahke REE (LREE), ter na značilno visoko pozitivno evropijevo (Eu) anomalijo. Termalne vode iz vodonosnika Termal I, ki j e raz vi t v globinah Murskega bazena, kažejo podobno grafično razporeditev n a P AAS normalizi ra ni h ko ncentracij YREE z jasno izraženo pozitivno Eu anomalijo in težnjo po obogatitvi s srednjimi REE (MREE). Grafi na PAAS normaliziranih koncentracij YREE v termalnih vodah iz vodonosnikov, ki leže pod Termalom I in ki imajo nizko prepustnost in slabo razvito razpoklinsko poroznost ter so bogati s plinom CO2, pa so bolj ravni s komaj zaznavno pozitivno Eu anomalijo. Vsebnosti in frakcionacija YREE v mineralnih in termalnih vodah je najverjetneje odvisna od prisotnosti karbonatnih ligandov, prepustnosti vodonosnika in časa interakcije vode in prikamnine.
Keywords:elementi redkih zemelj, itrij, mineralne vode, termalne vode, prekomerno izkoriščanje vrtin, Murski bazen


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