| Title: | Cabbage and fermented vegetables : from death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19 |
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| Authors: | ID Bousquet, Jean (Author)
ID Antò i Boquè, Josep M. (Author)
ID Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa (Author)
ID Haahtela, Tari (Author)
ID Fonseca, Susana C. (Author)
ID Laccarino, Guido (Author)
ID Blain, Hubert (Author)
ID Vidal, Alain (Author)
ID Sheikh, Aziz (Author)
ID Akdis, Cezmi A. (Author)
ID Zuberbier, Torsten (Author)
ID Kreft, Samo (Author)
ID Jenko, Klemen (Author)
ID Jošt, Maja, Klinika Golnik (Author)
ID Kopač, Peter, Klinika Golnik (Author)
ID Košnik, Mitja, Klinika Golnik, Medicinska fakulteta UL (Author)
ID Kramer Vrščaj, Karmen (Author)
ID Madjar, Bojan (Author)
ID Plavec, Davor (Author)
ID Soklič, Tanja (Author)
ID Urbančič, Jure (Author)
ID Zidarn, Mihaela, Klinika Golnik, Medicinska fakulteta UL (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.14549
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  UKPBAG - University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik
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| Abstract: | Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage were associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-Cov-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistanceas well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block the AT1R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are given: Kimchi in Korea, westernized foods and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity. |
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| Keywords: | COVID-19, diet, sulforaphane, Lactobacillus, Angiotensin converting enzyme 2, kimchi, cabbage, fermented vegetable |
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| Publication status: | In print |
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| Publication version: | Author Accepted Manuscript |
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| Place of publishing: | Velika Britanija |
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| Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons |
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| Year of publishing: | 2020 |
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| Number of pages: | str. [1-38] |
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| Numbering: | Vol. , iss. |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-12522  |
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| UDC: | 578:635.34:663.15: |
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| ISSN on article: | 1398-9995 |
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| DOI: | 10.1111/all.14549 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 26203907 |
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| Copyright: | 2020 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons |
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| Note: | Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Opis vira z dne 26. 8. 2020;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 07.10.2020 |
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| Views: | 1819 |
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| Downloads: | 470 |
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