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Povzetek: Reliable data and methods for assessing changes in wildlife population size over time are necessary for management and conservation. For most species, assessing abundance is an expensive and labor-intensive task that is not affordable on a frequent basis. We present a novel approach to reconstructing brown bear population dynamics in Slovenia in the period 1998-2019, based on the combination of two CMR non-invasive genetic estimates (in 2007 and 2015) and long-term mortality records, to show how the latter can help the study of population dynamics in combination with point-in-time estimates. The spring (i.e. including newborn cubs) population size estimate was 383 (CI: 336-432) bears in 1998 and 971 (CI: 825-1161) bears in 2019. In this period, the average annual population growth rate was 4.5 %. The predicted population size differed by just 7 % from the non-invasive genetic size estimate after eight years, suggesting that the method is reliable. It can predict the evolution of the population size under different management scenarios and provide information on key parameters, e.g. background mortality and the sex- and age-structure of the population. Our approach can be used for several other wildlife species, but it requires reliable mortality data over time.
Ključne besede: genetic estimates of population size, mortality records, population monitoring, population size, predictive modelling, brown bear
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.03.2021; Ogledov: 4142; Prenosov: 2380
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Ključne besede: kontrolno-lovna past, kontrolno-lovna nastava, optimizacija, protokoli, osmerozobi smrekov lubadar, Ips typographus, smreka, Picea abies, spremljanje, monitoring
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.02.2021; Ogledov: 1197; Prenosov: 966
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Povzetek: In recent decades, there have been an increasing number of outbreaks of Ips typographus in Europe. A large amount of sanitary felling has taken place, with significant economic and ecological consequences. In order to anticipate such large%scale outbreaks, an effective monitoring system should be set up. One important aspect of monitoring is deciding which pheromone to use. Therefore, we decided to test five different commercially available pheromone lures under different disturbance conditions: Pheroprax%, IT Ecolure Extra%, Ipstyp%, Ipsowit% and Typosan%. We investigated the ability of the pheromones to distinguish between disturbed and undisturbed locations, their cost%efficiency ratio, and side effects such as bycatch abundance and composition. We set 50 traps in two areas with sites that were disturbed and undisturbed by windstorms. We collected the catch from traps every 1%2 weeks from the end of March until the end of September in 2019. We found that IT Ecolure Extra%, Ipsowit% and % Pheroprax% caught the most I. typographus and best showed changes in the trap catch of I. typographus throughout the whole season. There was a low amount of bycatch (<6% of the total catch) and a low number of predators (a few specimens), but some groups seem to prefer certain pheromones. The cost of the pheromones increased with their effectiveness. However, pheromone costs are low relative to the personnel costs involved in setting traps and collecting the catch. Based on all of the gathered data, we created an index which helps to assess the cost%efficiency of the five chosen commercially available pheromones. We also present guidelines on how to make such an index to assist other researchers in choosing the right pheromone for monitoring populations of I. typographus or other bark beetle species.
Ključne besede: bark beetles, cost-efficiency, Ips typographus, monitoring pheromones, Picea abies
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.01.2021; Ogledov: 1446; Prenosov: 795
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Ključne besede: kontrolna past, kontrolna nastava, lovna nastava, optimizacija, protokol, osmerozobi smrekov lubadar, Ips typographus, smreka, Picea abies, spremljanje, monitoring
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.01.2021; Ogledov: 1089; Prenosov: 766
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Povzetek: Vedno boljše poznavanje pomena parkljarjev za ekosistem in človeka ter hkrati širjenje teh živalskih vrst v evropskem prostoru prinaša potrebo po nadgrajevanju in izpopolnjevanju načinov njihovega upravljanja. V Sloveniji se je v zadnjih letih zaradi stopnjevanja konfliktov interesov gozdarske, lovske in kmetijske stroke pojavila potreba po natančnejšem poznavanju številčnosti domorodnih vrst parkljarjev, še posebno jelenjadi (Cervus elaphus). V tem prispevku smo opredelili metodo štetja kupčkov iztrebkov s predhodnim čiščenjem kot najbolj optimalno metodo za ugotavljanje lokalnih gostot jelenjadi in podrobno razložili metodološke korake za uspešno načrtovanje in izvedbo metode na terenu. Zaključili smo s primerom izvedbe metode v LPN Kompas Peskovci in predstavili rezultate gostot jelenjadi in srnjadi (Capreolus capreolus) na omenjenem območju, pridobljenimi z metodo štetja kupčkov iztrebkov.
Ključne besede: prostoživeči parkljarji, jelenjad, Cervus elaphus, srnjad, Capreolus capreolus, štetje kupčkov iztrebkov, upravljanje prostoživečih živali, monitoring, LPN Kompas Peskovc
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.12.2020; Ogledov: 1631; Prenosov: 491
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