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Query: "keywords" (atmosphere) .

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Atmosphere–cryosphere interactions during the last phase of the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ka) in the European Alps
Costanza Del Gobbo, Renato R. Colucci, Giovanni Monegato, Manja Žebre, Filippo Giorgi, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Evidence that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glaciers extended well into the piedmont plains is still identifiable in the alpine foreland as a system of well-preserved moraines. Glaciers are strongly controlled by temperature and precipitation, and therefore, they are excellent indicators of climate change. Here, we use a regional climate model (RCM) to investigate some of the physical processes sustaining Alpine glaciers during the last phase of the LGM during Greenland Stadial 2 at 21 ka. We find a predominance of convection during summer and increased southwesterly stratiform precipitation over the southern Alps when compared to pre-industrial (PI) conditions. This precipitation pattern, along with lower temperatures, determined summer snowfall extending to low elevations, with a consequent substantial drop of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA), which is consistent with the estimated LGM glacier extent. Our RCM-based estimates of 21 ka ELA at the LGM yield excellent consistency with Alpine ELA reconstructions, further demonstrating the great potential of this technique for use in palaeoclimate studies.
Keywords: Quaternary, ice age, atmosphere, glaciers, climate change, the Alps
Published in DiRROS: 19.09.2023; Views: 384; Downloads: 126
.pdf Full text (10,56 MB)

4.
Use of the modified controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter for the assessment of fire effluents generated by burning wood under different ventilation conditions
Friderik Knez, Matija Uršič, Nataša Knez, Kelly Peeters, Mladen Franko, Primož Zidar, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: The ISO 5660-1 cone calorimeter is an affordable, practical, and commonly used solution for the measurement of main fire properties of products and materials. Among its chief drawbacks is its limited ability to reproduce combustion conditions found in real fires. This deficiency is mainly due to its inability to control oxygen availability in order to simulate an underventilated fire. As several toxic or potentially toxic species are formed primarily in oxygen-poor conditions, the controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter (CACC), now defined in ISO 5660-5, is a major improvement when trying to study the toxicity of fire effluents. A proposed additional modification of the CACC via the introduction of chimney sampling ports and oxygen sensors improves the reproducibility and veracity of effluent sampling. This approach allows the implementation of various techniques to sample, collect, and analyze the generated fire effluents. In this study, the experimental set-up was used to capture fire effluents generated by burning wood under different ventilation conditions. A gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer was used to assess and compare the chemical composition of the collected samples. The results obtained with the new experimental set-up proved the ability of the system to reproducibly generate fire effluents under various controlled burning circumstances. It could prove useful as a tool in characterizing the toxicity of fire effluents from various materials on a benchtop scale and ultimately contribute data for the numerical modeling of toxicity of fire effluents in real buildings.
Keywords: modified cone calorimeter, controlled atmosphere, wood, fire effluents, open access
Published in DiRROS: 14.07.2023; Views: 340; Downloads: 217
.pdf Full text (1,67 MB)
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