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1.
Chocolate and risk of chronic disease : a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Jakub Morze, Carolina Schwedhelm, Aleksander Benčič, Georg Hofmann, Heiner Boeing, Katarzyna Przybylowicz, Lukas Schwingshackl, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: Purpose Evidence for the association between chocolate intake and risk of chronic diseases is inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize and evaluate the credibility of evidence on the dose-response association between chocolate consumption with risk of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes (T2D), colorectal cancer (CRC), and hypertension. Methods Prospective studies were searched until July 2018 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effects meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest intake categories, linear, and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted. The credibility of evidence was evaluated with the NutriGrade scoring-system. Results Overall, 27 investigations were identified (n = 2 for all-cause mortality, n = 9 for CHD, n = 8 for stroke, n = 6 for HF, n = 6 for T2D, n = 2 for hypertension and CRC, respectively). No associations with HF (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94, 1.04) and T2D (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88, 1.01) per each 10 g/day increase in chocolate intake were observed in the linear dose-response meta-analyses. However, a small inverse association for each 10 g/daily increase could be shown for the risk of CHD (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), and stroke (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82, 0.98). The credibility of evidence was rated either very low (all-cause mortality, HF, T2D, CRC or hypertension) or low (CHD, stroke). Conclusion Chocolate consumption is not related to risk for several chronic diseases, but could have a small inverse association with CHD and stroke. Our findings are limited by very low or low credibility of evidence, highlighting important uncertainty for chocolate–disease associations.
Keywords: chocolate, meta-analysis, dose-response, credibility of evidence, chronic diseases
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 199; Downloads: 155
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2.
Efficacy of breast shielding during head computed tomography examination
Nika Zalokar, Nejc Mekiš, 2021, original scientific article

Keywords: scatter radiation, head CT, lead shielding, breasts, dose reduction
Published in DiRROS: 16.07.2024; Views: 204; Downloads: 149
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3.
Pulsed low dose-rate irradiation response in isogenic HNSCC cell lines with different radiosensitivity
Vesna Todorović, Ajda Prevc, Martina Nikšić Žakelj, Monika Savarin, Simon Buček, Blaž Grošelj, Primož Strojan, Maja Čemažar, Gregor Serša, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: . Management of locoregionally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is challenging due to potential radioresistance. Pulsed low-dose rate (PLDR) irradiation exploits phenomena of increased radiosensitivity, low-dose hyperradiosensitivity (LDHRS), and inverse dose-rate effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LDHRS and the effect of PLDR irradiation in isogenic HNSCC cells with different radiosensitivity. Materials and methods. Cell survival after different irradiation regimens in isogenic parental FaDu and radioresistant FaDu-RR cells was determined by clonogenic assay; post irradiation cell cycle distribution was studied by flow cytometry; the expression of DNA damage signalling genes was assesed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Results. Radioresistant Fadu-RR cells displayed LDHRS and were more sensitive to PLDR irradiation than parental FaDu cells. In both cell lines, cell cycle was arrested in G2/M phase 5 hours after irradiation. It was restored 24 hours after irradiation in parental, but not in the radioresistant cells, which were arrested in G1-phase. DNA damage signalling genes were under-expressed in radioresistant compared to parental cells. Irradiation increased DNA damage signalling gene expression in radioresistant cells, while in parental cells only few genes were under-expressed. Conclusions. We demonstrated LDHRS in isogenic radioresistant cells, but not in the parental cells. Survival of LDHRSpositive radioresistant cells after PLDR was significantly reduced. This reduction in cell survival is associated with variations in DNA damage signalling gene expression observed in response to PLDR most likely through different regulation of cell cycle checkpoints.
Keywords: DNA damage, isogenic cell lines, low dose irradiation, pulsed low dose-rate irradiation, radiosensitivity
Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2024; Views: 240; Downloads: 70
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4.
Comparison of anteroposterior and posteroanterior projection in lumbar spine radiography
Erna Alukić, Damijan Škrk, Nejc Mekiš, 2018, original scientific article

Keywords: lumbar spine radiography, PA projection, dose reduction, image quality
Published in DiRROS: 11.06.2024; Views: 247; Downloads: 124
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5.
Evaluation of two-dimensional dose distributions for pre-treatment patient-specific IMRT dosimetry
Đeni Smilović Radojčić, David Rajlić, Božidar Casar, Manda Švabić Kolacio, Nevena Obajdin, Dario Faj, Slaven Jurković, 2018, original scientific article

Abstract: The accuracy of dose calculation is crucial for success of the radiotherapy treatment. One of the methods that represent the current standard for patient-specific dosimetry is the evaluation of dose distributions measured with an ionization chamber array inside a homogeneous phantom using gamma method. Nevertheless, this method does not replicate the realistic conditions present when a patient is undergoing therapy. Therefore, to more accurately evaluate the treatment planning system (TPS) capabilities, gamma passing rates were examined for beams of different complexity passing through inhomogeneous phantoms. Materials and methods The research was performed using Siemens Oncor Expression linear accelerator, Siemens Somatom Open CT simulator and Elekta Monaco TPS. A 2D detector array was used to evaluate dose distribution accuracy in homogeneous, semi-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic phantoms. Validation was based on gamma analysis with 3%/3mm and 2%/2mm criteria, respectively. Results Passing rates of the complex dose distributions degrade depending on the thickness of non-water equivalent material. They also depend on dose reporting mode used. It is observed that the passing rate decreases with plan complexity. Comparison of the data for all set-ups of semi-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic phantoms shows that passing rates are higher in the anthropomorphic phantom. Conclusions Presented results raise a question of possible limits of dose distribution verification in assessment of plan delivery quality. Consequently, good results obtained using standard patient specific dosimetry methodology do not guarantee the accuracy of delivered dose distribution in real clinical cases
Keywords: IMRT, 2D dose verification, gamma method, antropomorphic phantom
Published in DiRROS: 10.06.2024; Views: 294; Downloads: 146
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6.
Obstructive urination problems after high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost treatment for prostate cancer are avoidable
Borut Kragelj, 2016, original scientific article

Abstract: Aiming at improving treatment individualization in patients with prostate cancer treated with combination of external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate brachytherapy to boost the dose to prostate (HDRB-B), the objective was to evaluate factors that have potential impact on obstructive urination problems (OUP) after HDRB-B. Patients and methods. In the follow-up study 88 patients consecutively treated with HDRB-B at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana in the period 2006-2011 were included. The observed outcome was deterioration of OUP (DOUP) during the follow-up period longer than 1 year. Univariate and multivariate relationship analysis between DOUP and potential risk factors (treatment factors, patients% characteristics) was carried out by using binary logistic regression. ROC curve was constructed on predicted values and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated to assess the performance of the multivariate model. Results. Analysis was carried out on 71 patients who completed 3 years of follow-up. DOUP was noted in 13/71 (18.3%) of them. The results of multivariate analysis showed statistically significant relationship between DOUP and anticoagulation treatment (OR 4.86, 95% C.I. limits: 1.21-19.61, p = 0.026). Also minimal dose received by 90% of the urethra volume was close to statistical significance (OR = 1.23; 95% C.I. limits: 0.98-1.07, p = 0.099). The value of AUC was 0.755. Conclusions. The study emphasized the relationship between DOUP and anticoagulation treatment, and suggested the multivariate model with fair predictive performance. This model potentially enables a reduction of DOUP after HDRB-B. It supports the belief that further research should be focused on urethral sphincter as a critical structure for OUP.
Keywords: prostate cancer, high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost, urinary stricture, obstructive urination problems
Published in DiRROS: 30.04.2024; Views: 380; Downloads: 205
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7.
The effect of breast shielding during lumbar spine radiography
Nejc Mekiš, Dejan Žontar, Damijan Škrk, 2013, original scientific article

Keywords: radiography, breast dose, lead shielding, scattered radiation, lumbar spine radiography
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2024; Views: 380; Downloads: 100
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