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Keywords: varstvo gozdov, monitoring, stanje gozdov, zdravstveno stanje krošenj, popis povzročiteljev poškodb, meteorološke meritve, osutost dreves, poročila, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 04.08.2020; Views: 2832; Downloads: 1000
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Abstract: Worldwide, mountain forests represent a significant factor in reducing rockfall risk over long periods of time on large potential disposition areas. While the economic value of technical protection measures against rockfall can be clearly determined and their benefits indicated, there is no general consensus on the quantification of the protective effect of forests. Experience shows that wherever there is forest, the implementation of technical measures to reduce risk of rockfall might often be dispensable or cheaper, and large deforestations (e.g. after windthrows, forest fires, clear-cuts) often show an increased incidence of rockfall events. This study focussed on how the protective effect of a forest against rockfall can be quantified on an alpine transregional scale. We therefore estimated the runout length, in terms of the angle of reach, of 700 individual rockfall trajectories from 39 release areas from Austria, Germany, Italy and Slovenia. All recorded rockfall events passed through forests which were classified either as coppice forests or, according to the CORINE classification of land cover, as mixed, coniferous or broadleaved dominated high forest stands. For each individual rockfall trajectory, we measured the forest structural parameters stem number, basal area, top height, ratio of shrub to high forest and share of coniferous trees. To quantify the protective effect of forests on rockfall, a hazard reduction factor is introduced, defined as the ratio between an expected angle of reach without forest and the back-calculated forest-influenced angles of reach. The results show that forests significantly reduce the runout length of rockfall. The highest reduction was observed for mixed high forest stands, while the lowest hazard reduction was observed for high forest stands dominated either by coniferous or broadleaved tree species. This implies that as soon as one tree species dominates, the risk reduction factor becomes lower. Coppice forests showed the lowest variability in hazard reduction. Hazard reduction due to forests increases, on average, by 7% for an increase in the stem number by 100 stems per hectare. The proposed concept allows a global view of the effectiveness of protective forests against rockfall processes and thus enable to value forest ecosystem services for future transregional assessments on a European level. Based on our results, general cost%benefit considerations of nature-based solutions against rockfall, such as protective forests as well as first-order evaluations of rockfall hazard reduction effects of silvicultural measures within the different forest types, can be supported.
Keywords: protection forests, rockfall, European Alps, rockfall hazard
Published in DiRROS: 13.07.2020; Views: 1579; Downloads: 935
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Abstract: Mednarodna delovna skupina za proučevanje vplivov onesnaženosti na gozdne ekosisteme, ki je bila ustanovljena pod okriljem Konvencije o daljinskem transportu onesnaženega zraka, deluje že nekaj desetletij (od leta 1980). Za področje gozdarstva je ključna delovna skupina ICP Forests, katere osnovna ideja je spremljanje vplivov atmosferskih onesnažil na procese v gozdnih ekosistemih. Pravilnik o varstvu gozdov je zakonska podlaga za izvajanje tega programa v Sloveniji, terenske izmere in spremljanje stanja pa pod okriljem javne gozdarske službe izvaja Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije. Širok nabor podatkov, zbranih na terenu, že 35 let polni mednarodne zbirke podatkov. V Sloveniji smo se odločili za uvedbo digitalnega vnosa terenskih podatkov, saj menimo, da elektronski vnos podatkov omogoča kakovostnejše podatke zaradi logičnih kontrol ter prihranek časa pri zajemu in obdelavi podatkov. V delu predstavljamo primer postavitve in uporabe posebej izdelane mobilne aplikacije za digitalni zajem podatkov s pripadajočo podatkovno bazo, ki omogoča enostavno shranjevanje podatkov in pozneje izvoz za namene poročanja.
Keywords: digitalni vnos podatkov, podatkovne baze, Pravilnik o varstvu gozdov, mednarodno poročanje, osutost, popis poškodb drevje
Published in DiRROS: 09.06.2020; Views: 2388; Downloads: 688
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Keywords: lastniki gozdov, mala gozdna posest, projekt ValoFor
Published in DiRROS: 02.05.2020; Views: 2112; Downloads: 712
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Keywords: epidemija covid 19, izredne razmere, funkcije gozdov
Published in DiRROS: 02.05.2020; Views: 2364; Downloads: 620
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