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Abstract: V prispevku so predstavljeni rezultati velikoprostorskega monitoringa gozdov in gozdnih ekosistemov (MGGE), ki je na sistematični mreži trajnih vzorčnih ploskev (4 km x 4 km) prek celotne Slovenije potekal v letih 2000, 2007, 2012 in 2018. Predstavljeni so osnovni znaki o stanju (lesna zaloga in volumen odmrlih lesnih kosov) in spremembah (prirastek, posek, volumen novih sušic) slovenskih gozdov. Lesna zaloga merskega drevja se je med letoma 2000 in 2012 povečala iz 299 na 334 m3 ha-1. V letu 2018 je bila ocena za povprečno lesno zalogo 330 m3 ha-1. Vzorčna napaka ocene lesne zaloge je znašala od 4 do 5 %. Med letoma 2012 in 2018 se je predvsem zmanjšala lesna zaloga iglavcev, in sicer iz 156 na 144 m3 ha-1. Poglavitni razlog je bil povečan posek, ki je bil posledica številnih ujm in gradacij podlubnikov. Tako se je povečal posek, in sicer iz 4,3 v obdobju 2007/12 na 6.3 m3 ha-1 leto v obdobju 2012/18. K povečanemu poseku večinski delež prispevajo iglavci. V zadnjem obdobju je bil bruto prirastek z vrastjo in prirastkom posekanih dreves ocenjen na 7,9 m3 ha-1 leto. Ocena volumna odmrlih lesnih kosov za leto 2018 je znašala 24 m3 ha-1. V prispevku je podrobno predstavljena tudi metodologija izračunov ocen povprečij na podlagi sistematičnega vzorčenja. Podatki MGGE so bili uporabljeni predvsem za potrebe mednarodnega poročanja o stanju in razvoju slovenskih gozdov ter v omejenem obsegu tudi za nacionalno poročanje o trajnostnem razvoju slovenskih gozdov. Prednost vzpostavljenega sistema je mednarodno usklajena metodologija popisa na sistematični mreži ploskev preko celotne države. Trenutni sistem ima tudi določene omejitve, in sicer malo vzorčnih ploskev, kar vodi v večjo vzorčno napako pri izračunih nekaterih dendrometrijskih kazalnikov. V letu 2020 smo sistem MGGE nadgradili v kontinuiran panelni sistem, katerega osnova bodo nove trajne vzorčne ploskve na neuravnani sistematični mreži gostote 2 km x 2 km, kar je dobro izhodišče za uvedbo Nacionalne gozdne inventure (NGI) v Sloveniji.
Keywords: monitoring gozdov in gozdnih ekosistemov, lesna zaloga, prirastek, mortaliteta, odmrla biomasa, posek, sušice
Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2021; Views: 1294; Downloads: 503
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Abstract: Priporočila za obravnavo rakov glave in vratu (RGV) v Sloveniji sledijo priporočilom in usmeritvam, povzetim v publikaciji neprofitne mreže 30 vodilnih severnoameriških inštitucij za obravnavo raka, National Comprehensive Cancer Network,1 in hkrati upoštevajo obstoječe zmožnosti slovenskega zdravstvenega sistema. Smernice predstavljajo poenoteno mnenje vseh štirih najpomembnejših deležnikov na področju obravnave rakov glave in vratu v državi: Klinike za otorinolaringologijo in cervikofacialno kirurgijo, Kliničnega oddelka za maksilofacialno in oralno kirurgijo ter Stomatološke klinike UKC Ljubljana, Klinike za otorinolaringologijo, cervikalno in maksilofacialno kirurgijo UKC Maribor ter Onkološkega inštituta Ljubljana
Keywords: rak glave in vratu, zdravljenje, onkolško zdravljenje
Published in DiRROS: 11.06.2021; Views: 1560; Downloads: 378
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Abstract: Background: Programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune-checkpoint blockade is a promising new therapeutic strategy in cancer. However, expression patterns and prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-1 are still controversial in human malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from 203 MPM patients receiving standard treatment without immunotherapy were collected from 5 European centers. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression of tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were measured by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical parameters and long-term outcome. Results: High (>10%) PD-L1 TC and PD-1 TILs expressions were found in 18 (8%) and 39 (24%) patients, respectively. PD-L1 was rarely expressed by TILs [>/=1%, n=13 (8%); >10%, n=1]. No significant associations were found between the PD-L1 or PD-1 expression of TCs or TILs and clinicopathological parameters such as stage or histological subtype. Notably, patients with high (>10%) TC-specific PD-L1 expression exhibited significantly worse median overall survival (OS) (6.3 vs. 15.1 months of those with low TC PD-L1 expression; HR: 2.51, P<0.001). In multivariate cox regression analysis adjusted for clinical parameters, high TC PD-L1 expression (>10%) proved to be an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (HR: 2.486, P=0.005). There was no significant correlation between PD-L1 or PD-1 expression of TILs and OS. Conclusions: In this multicenter cohort study, we demonstrate that high (>10%) PD-L1 expression of TCs independently predicts worse OS in MPM. Further studies are warranted to investigate the value of PD-L1/PD-1 expression as a marker for treatment response in MPM patients receiving immunotherapy.
Keywords: mesothelioma - anatomy and histology - analysis, 1malignant pleural mesothelioma, programmed death-ligand 1, programmed cell death 1, PD-L1
Published in DiRROS: 31.03.2021; Views: 1265; Downloads: 543
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Published in DiRROS: 10.03.2021; Views: 1462; Downloads: 605
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Abstract: Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is characterized by episodes of acute exacerbations. Finding a systemic biomarker that reliably predicts outcome after an acute exacerbation remains a major challenge. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been previously studied in COPD, however, urine excretion trajectory and prognostic value after an exacerbation is unknown. Methods: In this retrospective post hoc analysis of a prospective study that included 253 COPD patients who were hospitalized for acute exacerbation, 207 patients were analyzed. Urine and serum were sampled at admission, discharge, and 180 days after discharge; urine excretion trajectory was analyzed and correlated with clinicopathological and survival data. Results: HSP27 urine excretion increased after an exacerbation episode [1.8% admission, 1.8% discharge, 2.3% 180 days after discharge (P=0.091)]. In severely ill patients (GOLD IV) this course was even more distinct [1.6% admission, 2.1% discharge, 2.8% 180 days after discharge (P=0.007)]. Furthermore, fractional HSP27 urine excretion at discharge was increased in GOLD IV patients (P=0.031). In Kaplan-Meier and univariable Cox proportional hazard models patients with HSP27 urine excretion below 0.845% showed significantly worse survival at 30, 90 and 180 days after discharge. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model including established COPD outcome parameters fractional HSP27 urine excretion remained a significant predictor of survival at 30 and 90 days after discharge. Comparing this model to our already published model that includes HSP27 serum concentration we could show that fractional HSP27 urine excretion performs better in short-term survival. Conclusions: Our findings provide novel information about fractional HSP27 urine excretion trajectory in acute exacerbation of COPD. Fractional HSP27 urine excretion may be significantly reduced during an episode of acute exacerbation in COPD patients and may be used as a predictor of short-term all-cause mortality.
Keywords: biomarkers, heat-shock proteins, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, urine, heat shock protein 27
Published in DiRROS: 25.01.2021; Views: 1449; Downloads: 1006
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