201. Isotopic and water relation responses to ozone and water stress in seedlings of three oak species with different adaptation strategiesClaudia Cocozza, Elena Paoletti, Tanja Mrak, Saša Zavadlav, Tom Levanič, Hojka Kraigher, Alessio Giovannelli, Yasutomo Hoshika, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: The impact of global changes on forest ecosystem processes is based on the species-specific responses of trees to the combined effect of multiple stressors and the capacity of each species to acclimate and cope with the environment modification. Combined environmental constraints can severely affect plant and ecological processes involved in plant functionality. This study provides novel insights into the impact of a simultaneous pairing of abiotic stresses (i.e., water and ozone (O3) stress) on the responses of oak species. Water stress (using 40 and 100% of soil water content at field capacity - WS and WW treatments, respectively) and O3 exposure (1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 times the ambient concentration - AA, 1.2AA, and 1.4AA, respectively) were carried out on Quercus robur L., Quercus ilex L., and Quercus pubescens Willd. seedlings, to study physiological traits (1. isotope signature [delta 13C, delta 18O and delta 15N], 2. water relation [leaf water potential, leaf water content], 3. leaf gas exchange [light-saturated net photosynthesis, Asat, and stomatal conductance, gs]) for adaptation strategies in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment. Ozone decreased Asat in Q. robur and Q. pubescens while water stress decreased it in all three oak species. Ozone did not affect delta 13C, whereas delta 18O was influenced by O3 especially in Q. robur. This may reflect a reduction of gs with the concomitant reduction in photosynthetic capacity. However, the effect of elevated O3 on leaf gas exchange as indicated by the combined analysis of stable isotopes was much lower than that of water stress. Water stress was detectable by delta 13C and by delta 18O in all three oak species, while delta 15N did not define plant response to stress conditions in any species. The delta 13C signal was correlated to leaf water content (LWC) in Q. robur and Q. ilex, showing isohydric and anisohydric strategy, respectively, at increasing stress intensity (low value of LWC). No interactive effect of water stress and O3 exposure on the isotopic responses was found, suggesting no cross-protection on seasonal carbon assimilation independently on the species adaptation strategy.
Keywords: ozone, gas exchange, English oak, holm oak, downy oak, Quercus ilex L., Quercus robur L., Quercus pubescens Willd
Published in DiRROS: 11.08.2020; Views: 1802; Downloads: 1091
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203. Access to novel drugs for non-small cell lung cancer in Central and Southeastern Europe : a Central European Cooperative Oncology Group analysisTanja Čufer, Tudor Ciuleanu, Peter Berzinec, Gabriela Galffy, Marko Jakopović, Jacek Jassem, Dragana Jovanovic, Zhasmina MIhaylova, Gyula Ostoros, Christiane Thallinger, Milada Zemanova, Christoph Zielinski, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Background. Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) improved substantially in the last decades. Novel targeted and immune-oncologic drugs were introduced into routine treatment. Despite accelerated development and subsequent drug registrations by the European Medicinal Agency (EMA), novel drugs for NSCLC are poorly accessible in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Material and Methods. The Central European Cooperative Oncology Group conducted a survey among experts from 10 CEE countries to provide an overview on the availability of novel drugs for NSCLC and time from registration to reimbursement decision in their countries. Results. Although first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors were reimbursed and available in all countries, for other registered therapies - even for ALK inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors in first-line - there were apparent gaps in availability and/or reimbursement. There was a trend for better availability of drugs with longer time from EMA marketing authorization. Substantial differences in access to novel drugs among CEE countries were observed. In general, the availability of drugs is not in accordance with the Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS), as defined by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO). Time spans between drug registrations and national decisions on reimbursement vary greatly, from less than 3 months in one country to more than 1 year in the majority of countries. Conclusion. The access to novel drugs for NSCLC in CEE countries is suboptimal. To enable access to the most effective compounds within the shortest possible time, reimbursement decisions should be faster and ESMO MCBS should be incorporated into decision making.
Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer, treatment, novel drugs, Central Europe, Southeastern Europe
Published in DiRROS: 24.07.2020; Views: 1876; Downloads: 1087
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204. Elevated ozone prevents acquisition of available nitrogen due to smaller root surface area in poplarTanja Mrak, Klemen Eler, Ovidiu Badea, Yasutomo Hoshika, Elisa Carrari, Elena Paoletti, Hojka Kraigher, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Aims Poplars are ecologically and economically important tree genus, sensitive to ozone (O3). This study aimed to investigate modifying effects of elevated O3 on poplar root response to nutrient addition. Methods In pot experiment, young trees of an O3-sensitive Oxford poplar clone (Populus maximoviczii Henry x berolinensis Dippel) growing in soil with three levels of P (0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1) and two levels of N (0 and 80 kg ha-1) were exposed to three levels of O3 (ambient - AA, 1.5 x AA, 2.0 x AA) at a free air exposure facility. After one growing season, root biomass, fine root (<2 mm) nutrient concentrations and ratios, and fine root morphology were assessed. Results Nitrogen addition resulted in an up to +100.5% increase in coarse and fine root biomass under AA, and only up to +46.3% increase under 2.0 x AA. Elevated O3 and P addition had a positive effect, while N had a negative effect on P concentrations in fine roots. Nitrogen limitation for root growth expressed as a N:P ratio was more pronounced at elevated O3. Nitrogen addition increased root surface area per soil volume by +78.3% at AA and only by +9.9% at 2.0 x AA. Conclusions Smaller root surface area per soil volume at elevated O3 prevented acquisition of available N, rendering N fertilization of young poplar plantations in such conditions economically and environmentally questionable.
Keywords: fine roots, nitrogen, phosphorus, Populusmaximoviczii x berolinensis, ozone, Poplar
Published in DiRROS: 16.06.2020; Views: 1888; Downloads: 1029
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206. Napotki za premagovanje neželenih učinkov sistemskega zdravljenja raka : kaj morate vedeti?Simona Borštnar, Marjana Bernot, Tanja Čufer, Marika Horvat, Denis Mlakar-Mastnak, Janja Ocvirk, Bojana Pajk, Monika Sonc, Snežana Umičević, Marjetka Uršič-Vrščaj, Metka Zajc, Branko Zakotnik, 2007, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Keywords: onkologija
Published in DiRROS: 10.06.2020; Views: 1924; Downloads: 578
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208. Folikularni limfom : vodnik za bolnikeTanja Južnič Šetina, 2017, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Keywords: etiologija, komplikacije, recidiv, bolniki, psihološka pomoč
Published in DiRROS: 04.06.2020; Views: 1922; Downloads: 563
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209. Rak požiralnika : kaj morate vedeti o bolezniMarko Boc, Martina Reberšek, Janja Ocvirk, Jernej Benedik, Zvezdana Hlebanja, Neva Volk, Maja Ebert Moltara, Tanja Mesti, Franc Anderluh, Vaneja Velenik, Irena Oblak, Jasna But-Hadžić, Ajra Šečerov Ermenc, Nada Rotovnik-Kozjek, Matevž Srpčič, 2014, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Keywords: dejavniki tveganja, simptomi, diagnostika, zdravljenje, paliativna oskrba, prehrana
Published in DiRROS: 04.06.2020; Views: 1775; Downloads: 509
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210. Rak trebušne slinavke : kaj morate vedeti o bolezniMartina Reberšek, Marko Boc, Irena Oblak, Jernej Benedik, Zvezdana Hlebanja, Janja Ocvirk, Neva Volk, Tanja Mesti, Maja Ebert Moltara, Tomaž Milanez, Franc Anderluh, Vaneja Velenik, Jasna But-Hadžić, Ajra Šečerov Ermenc, Ana Jeromen, Nada Rotovnik-Kozjek, Katja Kogovšek, Aleš Tomažič, 2014, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Keywords: dejavniki tveganja, bolniki, simptomi, diagnostika, zdravljenje, bolečina, dietna terapija, paliativna oskrba
Published in DiRROS: 04.06.2020; Views: 2149; Downloads: 653
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