1. Response of beech and fir to different light intensities along the Carpathian and Dinaric MountainsMatjaž Čater, Pia Caroline Adamič, Eva Dařenová, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Predicting global change mitigations based on environmental variables, like temperature and water availability, although yielding insightful hypothesis still lacks the integration of environmental responses. Physiological limits should be assessed to obtain a complete representation of a species’ fundamental niche. Detailed ecophysiological studies on the response of trees along the latitudinal gradient are rare. They could shed light on the behaviour under different light intensities and other studied traits. The forests of the Dinaric Mountains and the Carpathians represent the largest contiguous forest complexes in south-eastern Europe. In uneven-aged Carpathian (8 plots) and Dinaric Mountain (11 plots) forests, net assimilation (Amax) and maximum quantum yield (Φ) were measured for beech and fir in three predefined light intensity categories according to the indirect site factor (ISF%) obtained by the analysis of hemispherical photographs in managed and old growth forests, all located above 800 m a.s.l. The measurements were carried out under fixed environmental conditions in each light category per plot for three consecutive years. Data from the last 50-year average period from the CRU TS 4.01 dataset were used for the comparison between Amax, Φ, and climate. The highest Φ for beech were observed in the central part of the Dinaric Mountains and in the south westernmost and northwesternmost part of the Carpathians for both beech and fir, while they were highest for fir in the Dinaric Mountains in the northwesternmost part of the study area. The Φ-value of beech decreased in both complexes with increasing mean annual temperature and was highest in the open landscape. For fir in the Carpathians, Φ decreased with increasing mean annual temperature, while in the Dinaric Mountains it increased with higher temperature and showed a more scattered response compared to the Carpathians. Short-term ecophysiological responses of beech and fir were consistent to long-term radial growth observations observed on same locations. The results may provide a basis and an indication of the future response of two tree species in their biogeographical range to climate change in terms of competitiveness, existence and consequently forest management decisions.
Ključne besede: silver fir, beech, light response, Carpathian Mountains, Dinaric Mountains, temperature, precipitation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.05.2024; Ogledov: 65; Prenosov: 336
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2. Growth response of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) to climate factors along the Carpathian massivePia Caroline Adamič, Tom Levanič, Mihail Hanzu, Matjaž Čater, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: European forests are becoming increasingly threatened by climate change and more frequent droughts. The likely responses of species to climate change will vary, affecting their competitiveness, their existence, and consequently, forest management decisions and measures. We determined the influence of climate on the radial growth of European beech and silver fir along the Carpathians to find similarities between the two species and the main differences. Along the Carpathian Mountains, seven sites with mature fir–beech stands above 800 m above sea level were selected and analyzed. Our study confirmed different responses depending on species and location. A more pronounced response of tree growth to climate was observed on the eastern side of the Carpathians, while it was less expressed or even absent on the southern sites. Both beech and fir show better radial growth with higher precipitation in July and slower growth with higher average and maximum temperatures in June of the current year. Fir demonstrates a positive correlation between radial growth and temperature in winter, while beech demonstrates a negative correlation between radial growth and temperature in summer. In the 1951–1960 decade, the average tree ring widths in fir and beech were largest at the southern sites compared to the other sites, but since 2011, the southern sites have had the lowest increase while northern sites have had the largest. Both species respond differently to climate and are likely to follow different competitive paths in the future.
Ključne besede: climate change, dendrochronology, radial growth response, meteorological parameters
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.06.2023; Ogledov: 480; Prenosov: 313
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3. Causes and consequences of large-scale windthrow on the development of fir-beech forests in the Dinaric mountainsMatjaž Čater, Ajša Alagić, Mitja Ferlan, Jernej Jevšenak, Aleksander Marinšek, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: We investigated several aspects of windthrow that are relevant to our understanding and management of forest ecosystems. As an example, we used an extreme event in December 2017, when the strongest storm in recent history occurred in the Slovenian Dinaric High Karst. We examined influential factors such as soil properties, wind speed, precipitation and ecological consequences for the affected forests. Soil properties were measured around standing and fallen silver fir trees at all three research sites. Tree species composition in the regeneration was observed on plots with chemical and acoustic ungulate deterrents and on control plots without deterrents. Economic estimates of yield loss due to damage were calculated at the national level. A model of the potential threat from windthrow was also developed based on data collected from windthrow events and meteorological data over the past 20 years. Our results indicate that soil depth and mineral fraction depth were similar at sites with and without damaged trees and were not the determining factors for tree toppling. Plots with acoustic deterrents showed the most effective regeneration development, the least decline in silver fir and the greatest increase in noble hardwood seedlings, while plots with chemical deterrents showed the least browsing damage. The estimated economic loss of €16.1 million is 6.6% less than the harvest under normal conditions. The economic loss was relatively low due to the nature of the storm, with the predominant type of damage being uprooted trees with no damaged trunks. The windthrow hazard model revealed that a large number of consecutive events with strong winds in each section weakened the stand, which was subsequently knocked down during the next extreme wind and rainfall event.
Ključne besede: natural forest regeneration, windthrow, economic loss, browsing, ungulate deterrents, forest soil properties, potential threat model
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.06.2023; Ogledov: 1175; Prenosov: 546
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4. Podlaga za izdelavo usmeritev pri gospodarjenju z navadno smreko v SlovenijiLuka Krajnc, Mitja Skudnik, Tom Levanič, Matjaž Čater, Aleksander Marinšek, Janez Zafran, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: V prispevku predstavimo podlago za izdelavo usmeritev pri gospodarjenju z navadno smreko v Sloveniji. Izvedli smo več ločenih analiz z istim ciljem: pripraviti strokovno utemeljene in s podatki podprte usmeritve za gospodarjenje z navadno smreko v Sloveniji v prihodnjih desetletjih. Tako smo v tem prispevku združili rezultate meritev nacionalne gozdne inventure, analizo priraščanja smreke, analize vrstne pestrosti ter pregled osnutkov načrtov za gozdnogospodarska območja. Namen tega prispevka je predstavitev rezultatov štirih ločenih sklopov analiz podatkov, ki so predstavljali osnovo za izdelavo usmeritev pri gospodarjenju z navadno smreko, objavljenih v naslednjem prispevku.
Ključne besede: navadna smreka, podnebne spremembe, gospodarjenje
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.02.2023; Ogledov: 574; Prenosov: 183
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9. Morphologic variability of the Acer campestre L. populations in Bosnia and HerzegovinaStjepan Kvesić, Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić, Matjaž Čater, Dalibor Ballian, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Morphologic variability from 25 populations of Acer campestre L. in Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed. Morphometric structure of variability and between-population variability was performed based on 10 fruit-parameter characteristics and 19 leaf-parameter characteristics using multivariate statistical analysis. Results confirmed the separation of three submediterranean populations as a group in relation to other tested populations, from which the Banja Luka population is different. Measured leaf parameters were confirmed as a predominant carrier of the morphologic separation between populations. In other Acer species populations within A. monspessulanum and A. intermedium species are separated mainly by fruit and much less by leaf parameters. The southernmost submediterranean populations from Trebinje, Ljubuški, and Mostar regions have smaller leaf areas, which consequently places them within the same morphologic group; their variability is in tight connection with eco-geo-graphical factors, where the ecological distance is a much better predictor of morphological variability compared to geographical distance. The air temperature had the biggest influence on morphological variability regarding the highest in-between correlation. Achieved results may serve for the continuation of the research in other areas of Acer campestre to determine the interactive effect of ecological, geographical, climatic, and migrational factors on their morphologic population plasticity.
Ključne besede: differentiation, field maple, fruit, leaf, morphologic variability
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.01.2022; Ogledov: 704; Prenosov: 543
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