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182. Aerial and respiratory atmospheres of Avicenna's flying personPetri Joakim Berndtson, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Persian philosopher Avicenna (980‒1037) is famous for his thought experiment concerning the flying person,” “floating person” or “person suspended in air.” In this thought experiment, a person is created flying in the air in a state of total sensory deprivation. Scholars have debated for centuries what this thought experiment is all about. Most scholars have interpreted this thought experiment as essentially being about the existence of the soul (al-nafs) in its immateriality, substantiality, and self-awareness, as well as about the difference between the soul and the body. In my article, I will interpret Avicenna’s thought experiment in a totally different manner within the atmospheres of air and breathing. In my reading, I will carefully examine the fact neglected by scholars that this flight happens in the air and that it is the air that defines the existence of the flying person. With this aerial attitude I will argue that this thought experiment is not above all about the soul, but about air and al-nafs as a respiratory self. In my aerial and respiratory interpretation of Avicenna’s flying person, I will use Gaston Bachelard’s phenomenologically oriented aerial thinking as well as etymological analysis of al-nafs.
Keywords: flying person, floating person, breathing, air
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 446; Downloads: 321
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183. Ekofeministična teologija soodvisnosti : konstruktivistični teološki pristop k sodobni okoljski (ne)pravičnosti in ranljivostiNadja Furlan-Štante, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Prispevek obravnava vprašanje družbene in okoljske (ne)pravičnosti skozi prizmo krščanskega ekofeminizma ter njegove etike medsebojne povezanosti in ekološkega skrbništva vsega stvarstva. Ker ekofeminizem povezuje izkoriščanje žensk z izkoriščanjem stvarstva (narave), za izoblikovanje osrednjega raziskovalnega vprašanja uporabljam metodologijo ključa krščanske ekofeministične hermenevtike: najprej sledi analiza stališča krščanskega ekofeminizma do vprašanja družbene in okoljske (ne)pravičnosti, nato analiza pozitivnih prispevkov in implikacij krščanske ekofeministične etike na krščansko teologijo in prizadevanja za družbeno in okoljsko pravičnost.Čeprav podnebne spremembe nesorazmerno bolj vplivajo na žensko populacijo, še zlasti na reproduktivno zdravje revnejših žensk, so te pogosto izločene iz procesa odločanja o okoljski problematiki. Ženske po vsem svetu so že sicer bolj ogrožene zaradi onesnaženega zraka, omejenega dostopa do čiste vode in vse večje izpostavljenosti strupenim kemikalijam, podnebne spremembe pa te nevarnosti samo še povečujejo. Občutljivost za vplive podnebnih sprememb pa ženskam daje tudi edinstveno izkustveno znanje, s katerim lahko pomembno pripomorejo k prizadevanjem za izboljšanje podnebne odpornosti in trajnosti ter tudi k boljši ozaveščenosti in drugačnemu odnosu do okoljske problematike in narave med sve-tovnimi religijami. Za ekofeministke je okoljska kriza realnost, grožnja in opozorilo sodobnemu človeštvu. Podnebne spremembe, globalno segrevanje, zmanjšanje biotske raznovrstnosti in drugi procesi, ki naj bi bili posledica onesnaževanja okolja in dolgotrajnega čezmernega izkoriščanja in izrabe naravnih virov, gotovo izražajo globalni potrošniško-imperialistični odnos človeka do narave.
Keywords: ekofeminizem, ženske, ranljivost, okoljska nepravičnost
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 607; Downloads: 368
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184. Staroselske kozmologije v okviru novih epistemoloških in političnih teženj globalnega JugaMarija Mojca Terčelj, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Bistvena razlika med staroselskimi verstvi in svetovnimi religijami je v pojmovanju odnosa »človek – narava«. Staroselska verstva dojemajo človeka kot enakovrednega akterja pri vzpostavljanju kozmične harmonije, torej ga postavljajo ob bok vsem drugim živim in neživim bitjem stvarstva, medtem ko ga svetovne religije umeščajo v središče sveta. Krščansko religiozno izročilo na eni strani ter kartezijanski ontološki dualizem in metodološki empirizem na drugi so močno vplivali na razvoj zahodnjaške znanstvene misli. Družbene in humanistične vede so v zadnjih desetletjih naredile velik korak – prispevale so k novim razlagam glo-balnih ekonomskih in socialnih zakonitosti ter hibridizacije etničnih identitet in začele tesneje sodelovati z empiričnimi znanostmi. Problem nastane, ko je zaradi lastne zazrtosti katera koli druga vrsta znanja diskvalificirana kot »neznanstvena«, »lokalna«, »romantična«, nepopolna. V začetku 21. stoletja je staroselska kozmologija vstopila v politični diskurz in ideologijo številnih socialnih gibanj globalnega Juga. Na podlagi primerjalne analize treh konkretnih staroselskih kozmoloških in religioznih modelov (odnos človek – narava) želi članek opozoriti na potrebo po pluralizmu miselnih konceptov in družbenih praks.
Keywords: človek - narava, staroselci, pačamamizem, ekologija, razvoj
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 637; Downloads: 394
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187. Ontological (in)security and the Kurdish issue in Turkey : ǂthe ǂuse of security discourse (1925‒1984)Gökçe Balaban, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: How could one account for the discourse of security used by the Turkish state considering the Kurdish issue before 1984, when the terrorist attacks of the Partiya Karkaren Kurdistani (PKK) had not yet started, and hence there was no physical security threat against the state? This article aims to answer this question from the perspective of ontological (in)security. Based on Critical Discourse Analysis of state discourse, the article argues that the political, social and cultural traits of Kurdish identity created uncertainty in the Turkish self after the Sheikh Said re-bellion in 1925. Tribal/religious structures that were influential among Kurds and the expression of Kurdishness as a distinct identity disrupted the autobiographi-cal narratives about Turkishness, hence generating ontological insecurity for the Turkish state. To overcome this problem, the state relied on security discourse and securitized the traits of Kurdish identity, by which it felt threatened. As a result of this securitization, the state was able to legitimize the extraordinary measures taken against Kurds, such as forced resettlements. Securitization, in this sense, regenerated ontological security for the state, because the extraordinary measures served to suppress the Kurdish identity that threatened the certainty and conti-nuity of the Turkish self.
Keywords: Kurds, ontological security, ontological insecurity, the Kurdish issue, security discourse, securatization, Turkey
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 455; Downloads: 274
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188. The Construction of Turkey’s Circassians as a docile minorityUlaş Sunata, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The 2014 Sochi Olympic Winter Games revived memories related to the Cir-cassians’ forced migration from their Caucasus homeland into the Ottoman Em-pire after 150 years. In that year, I conducted a considerable oral history project to understand the collective memories of Circassians in Turkey. The main focus of this study is, however, the social construction of the Circassian minority in Turkey. I examine their oral historical narratives related to their immigration, reception and resettlement, and instrumentalization. It is as important to place emphasis on the protected, multiplied and renewed sociocultural values of Circassians as it is to confront the history. I will examine the relationship between their diasporic identity and minority identity as well as their preferences in identity reproduction.
Keywords: Circassians, Adyghe, minority, diaspora, ethnicity, collective memory, social construction
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 504; Downloads: 295
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189. Struggles and dilemmas of Uyghur immigrants in TurkeyMettursun Beydulla, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The social and economic integration of the Uyghurs into Turkish society reflec-ts a problem to which policy makers have not yet found a response. Marginalized by the larger society and separated by linguistic differences and cultural and social life-styles, a significant proportion of Uyghurs, especially “newcomers” who have arrived since the 1980s, is in danger of becoming part of a “parallel society.” This is reinforced by exclusion, inferiorization and “otherness,” restricted educational achievements, uncertain citizenship, legal status limbo and low socioeconomic status. Pro-Uyghur, pro-independence and anti-Chinese government mobiliza-tion in Turkey has attracted the attention of Chinese authorities for a long time, and this attention has in turn affected and shaped mobilization in Turkey. The Turkey-China relationship is involved as well. The main goals of Chinese policy and strategy in Turkey are the security of “Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region” (a.k.a. East Turkistan), access to natural resources, security of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and economic and technological investment. It means that China believes it must consolidate its control of “Xinjiang” (East Turkistan) and restrain the Uyghur independence movement in Turkey. China’s economic and technolo-gical power and investments in Turkey are not just increasing its influence; they are making Turkey far more reticent to speak out about Beijing’s abuses, systematic oppression and atrocities in the “Xinjiang” (East Turkistan). China’s geo-econo-mic strategy has resulted in political influence in Turkey that profoundly affects its Uyghur population.
Keywords: Uyghur refugees, Uyghur immigration, integration, Uyghur dilemma, Turkish policy, Turkish and Chinese relations
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 605; Downloads: 383
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190. The diminishing agency of urbanised Alevis against the raise of political Islam in TurkeyÖzge Onay, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: This paper critically examines the diminishing agency of the first-urbanised Alevi generation vis- à-vis the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and their sec-tarian agenda mediated by political Islam. The conceptual position is underpinned by Foucault’s concept of governmentality and theory of agency in broader cultu-ral terms. These theoretical frameworks interweave to present a rich and complex set of snapshots that document the first-urbanised Alevi generation’s decreasing possibilities of action in the urban context. Accordingly, the empirical data that informs this piece has been collected by a series of qualitative and semi-structured interviews with the first-urbanised Alevi generation, children of those who migra-ted to urban areas in the 1960s and wittingly or unwittingly kept their identities undisclosed to varying degrees. Those interviewed come from a range of different professional backgrounds, with the only common point being that they have spent their childhoods and adult years in Istanbul, Turkey. Through a close engagement with the empirical material, this paper addresses the effects of the AKP’s Sunnifica-tion process centring around political Islam on the first generation urbanised Ale-vis and to what extent the systemic nature of this process attenuates or takes away their agency in the urban context. The account is focused around three key the-mes including daily life, institutional forms of discrimination and the workplace.
Keywords: political Islam, AKP government, urbanised Alevis, agency
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 497; Downloads: 291
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