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Query: "work type" (1) AND "fulltext" AND "organization" (Slovenian Forestry Institute) .

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1.
Truffle mycorrhization in a pecan orchard
Mylla Trisha Mello Souza, Joice Aline Freiberg, Tine Grebenc, Marcelo Aloisio Sulzbacher, Diniz Fronza, Juliano Borela Magalhães, Vanessa da Rosa Gonçalves, Nathalie Caroline Hirt Kessler, Lucas Moura Somavilla, Zaida Ines Antoniolli, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: The ectomycorrhizal association of Tuber spp. in orchards is essential for truffle production. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the ectomycorrhizal association of Tuber aestivum Vittad. and Tuber brumale Vittad. in pecan after five years of cultivation in an orchard. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria – Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a pecan orchard planted with seedlings inoculated with these two species of truffles. The orchard was characterized in terms of soil physical and chemical properties and soil type. Initially non-inoculated plants, plants inoculated with Tuber aestivum (TA), and plants inoculated with Tuber brumale (TB) were evaluated for the percentage (%) of roots colonized by Tuber spp., other ectomycorrhizae, and non-mycorrhizal roots. A reduction in the colonization of both truffle species was observed five years after transplanting the seedlings to the orchard but they have the potential to maintain the ectomycorrhizal association with pecan seedlings.
Keywords: Carya illinoinensis, ectomycorrhiza, truffle, tuber
Published in DiRROS: 26.03.2024; Views: 38; Downloads: 16
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2.
Importance of habitat context in modelling risk maps for two established invasive alien plant species : the case of Ailanthus altissima and Phytolacca americana in Slovenia (Europe)
Maarten De Groot, Erika Kozamernik, Janez Kermavnar, Marija Kolšek, Aleksander Marinšek, Andreja Nève Repe, Lado Kutnar, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Forests are important ecosystems that face threats from climate change and global environmental shifts, with invasive alien plant species being a significant concern. Some of these invasive species have already become established, while others are in the process of naturalisation. Although forests are a relatively stable ecosystem, extreme weather events increase their vulnerability to change, and clearings left after natural disturbances are particularly susceptible to invasion by alien plant species (IAPS). We created risk maps of two species that have spread rapidly in the last decade: American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) and the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima). We prepared a generalised linear model based on the occurrence data collected within the LIFE ARTEMIS project. Eleven environmental variables were used to determine habitat characteristics. We constructed two models for each species: one covering the entirety of Slovenia and the other specifically for the forested areas in Slovenia, with the latter incorporating forest-specific variables (such as forest sanitation felling and monocultures). We observed the presence of both species at lower altitudes and in close proximity to water sources. American pokeweed tends to occur nearer to railways, while the presence of the tree of heaven is associated with areas lacking carbonate parent material and influenced by land use patterns. In forested areas, the occurrence of American pokeweed is influenced by forest habitat characteristics, such as disturbances caused by extreme weather events or the prevalence of Norway spruce monocultures. In contrast, the occurrence of the tree of heaven is influenced by more general environmental variables, such as altitude and proximity to railways. Consequently, we have generated risk maps for the entirety of Slovenia and separately for forested areas, both of which indicate similar levels of risk, particularly for the tree of heaven. The risk map for American pokeweed highlights numerous vulnerable areas, especially forest edges, which are highly susceptible to invasion. Furthermore, there is a higher likelihood of this species occurring in areas that have undergone sanitation felling. This study suggests that the production of risk maps of IAPS could be improved by focussing on habitat types and taking into account habitat-specific variables. This approach could enhance the early detection and management of these invasive species.
Keywords: American pokeweed, tree of heaven, species distribution modelling, forests, forest disturbance, habitat suitability
Published in DiRROS: 26.03.2024; Views: 30; Downloads: 11
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3.
Međuodnos svojstava rasta i kvalitete drva na pokusnoj plohi ar
Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić, Sulejman Sinanović, Dalibor Ballian, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Larch (Larix decidua) showed good growth and adaptability to ecological conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research aims to determine the variability of the morphological traits of larch in the seed stand near Kakanj, the variability at the beginning of heartwood formation, and correlations among these properties.In the larch seed stand, established by seedlings 2+0 in 1979, an area of 0,45 hectares was set aside. The heights and breast height diameters of the trees were on that area were measured in 2002 and 2020, and the basal area and volume were calculated. In 2020, the trees were drilled at breast height with a Presler drill to measure the proportion of heartwood. Average values of all properties for 2002 and 2020 were calculated. The ten, five and one best trees were selected according to the properties of breast height diameter, height, basal area, volume, and the intensities of selection for these traits were calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficient among all investigated traits were calculated. The average breast height diameter of 41-year-old trees was 24,6 cm, average height 21,8 m, basal area 0.0499m2 and volume 0.3745 m3 (table 1), while in 2002. the average breast height diameter was 15,5 cm, height 18,2 m, basal area 0,020 m2, and volume 0,128 m3 (table 1). Between 2002 and 2020, there was an overtaking of trees in breast height diameter and height and thus the base and volume (table 2). The average larch tree starts heartwood formation at the age of 14 years (table 1). The earliest heart-wood formation occurs in the sixth year (tree 495) and the latest in the 32nd year (table 4). Pearson coefficient showed a high positive correlation between breast height diameter and height in 2002 (ta-ble 9), which means that trees with a good height increase also have a good thickness increase. As a result, the correlation between breast height diameter and basal area and breast height diameter and volume, height and basal area, height and volume, and basal area and volume are statistically signifi-cant. Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the year 2020 showed a negative correlation between the be-ginning of heartwood formation and all other traits (table 10), i.e., trees that formed heartwood earlier have higher values of growth traits.The results will be used in the selection processes of larch individuals with good height and thickness growth and early heartwood formation.
Keywords: European larch, morphological properties, core formation, selection
Published in DiRROS: 25.03.2024; Views: 29; Downloads: 17
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4.
Can a forest tree species progeny trial serve as an ex situ collection? : A case study on Alnus glutinosa
Rita Verbylaite, Filipos Aravanopoulos, Virgilijus Baliuckas, Aušra Juškauskaite, Dalibor Ballian, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Scientifically informed decisions for the long-term conservation of extant genetic diversity should combine in situ and ex situ conservation methods. The aim of the present study was to assess if a progeny plantation consisting of several open pollinated (OP) families and established for breeding purposes can also serve as an ex situ conservation plantation, using the case study of a Lithuanian progeny trial of Alnus glutinosa, a keystone species of riparian ecosystems that warrants priority conservation actions. We employed 17 nuclear microsatellite (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers and compared the genetic diversity and copy number of the captured alleles of 22 OP progeny families from this plantation, with 10 wild A. glutinosa populations, originating from the two provenance regions of the species in Lithuania. We conclude that the progeny plantation could be used as an ex situ plantation for the A. glutinosa populations from the first provenance region (represented by eight genetic conservation units (GCU)). Based on the present study’s results, we can expect that the A. glutinosa progeny plantation harbors enough genetic diversity of wild A. glutinosa populations from the first provenance region. This progeny plantation can serve as a robust ex situ collection containing local alleles present in at least one wild population with at least 0.05 frequency with 25 replications.
Keywords: black alder, genetic diversity, allele pattern, microsatellite genotypes, ex situ collection
Published in DiRROS: 25.03.2024; Views: 37; Downloads: 19
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5.
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Bosnia and Herzegovina - state and perspectives
Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić, Dalibor Ballian, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in Southeast Europe, and more than half its area of 51.129 km² belongs to forests and forest lands. 93% of the forests of Bosnia and Herzegovina are natural forests and have many plant species, many of which are endemic. There are eight oak species growing in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most important ones are Quercus robur (despite being almost extinct due to overexploitation during the late XIX and early XX century), and Quercus petraea. Pedunculate oak in Bosnia and Herzegovina is found in mixed stands with common hornbeam and in pure stands under exceptional conditions, with a total area of about 30,000 ha. In this paper, the data of the studies carried out in the pedunculate oak forests of Bosnia and Herzegovina were compiled and a general evaluation was made. The results of phenological observation in pedunculate oak provenance test in Bosnia and Herzegovina through the years showed statistically significant differences among provenances in the beginning, end and duration of individual phenological phases. Researches on growth showed overtaking of provenances through the years, and best results in provenance Jelah for the most of investigated years. The research results on showed a significant positive correlation between the height and root collar diameter in provenance test and most of the investigated .The remaining pedunculate oak populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina have a good genetic structure and can be used as a seed stands for collecting seed material and producing seedlings for afforestation with this species
Keywords: Pedunculate oak, Bosnia and Herzegovina, afforestation
Published in DiRROS: 25.03.2024; Views: 31; Downloads: 15
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6.
7.
Understanding commitment to agroforestry: a crosssectional study among a sample of Nigerian farmers
Fausat Motunrayo Ibrahim, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Agroforestry is strategic in reconciling food production with forest biodiversity conservation. The methodical investigation of the beneficial and ecological imperativeness that informs smallholder farmers’ commitment to agroforestry is called for. This work is therefore an attempt to examine the relative importance of farmers' attitudes towards forest loss and perceived benefits of agroforestry in farmers' commitment to agroforestry among a group of farmers in Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria. The study is a cross-sectional survey that featured the interview administration of 400 structured questionnaires among crop farmers that were selected through clustered purposive sampling. Respondent’s agreement with sets of relevant statements was elicited and used in the assessment of variables. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the significance of the difference in respondents’ commitment to agroforestry across sub-groups of gender and age/education respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between variables. Results indicate that 57.8% exhibited a 'high' commitment to agroforestry. Gender, age and education had main effects on commitment (p < 0.05). There is no significant relationship between attitude towards forest loss and commitment to agroforestry (r = 0.038, p > 0.05) but not perceived benefits (r = 0.426, p < 0.05). Being male, middle-aged and poorly educated are significantly more predisposing to exhibiting lower commitment to agroforestry. There is hardly an ecological or forest restoration motivation for agroforestry in the study area. Ecologically smart agriculture or the restorative importance of agroforestry appears to be poorly entrenched among farmers in the study area.
Keywords: forest loss, attitude, perception, agroforestry, commitment, Nigeria
Published in DiRROS: 21.03.2024; Views: 95; Downloads: 38
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8.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Micromeria croatica (Lamiaceae), an endemic and potentially valuable horticultural species of the Dinaric Alps
Zlatko Liber, Ivan Radosavljević, Zlatko Šatović, Marija Hodja, Vesna Židovec, Faruk Bogunić, Dalibor Ballian, Danijela Stešević, Sven D. Jelaska, Dario Kremer, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Due to climate extremes and limited natural resources, especially water, we can expect increased demand in the future for species that can better tolerate climate extremes such as drought. One potentially valuable horticultural species is the endemic species of the Dinaride Mountains Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott (family Lamiaceae). It grows in the crevices of carbonate rocks, extending from an altitude of 150 m to more than 2000 m. This study aims to provide additional insight into the genetic and morphological diversity of this endemic species, focusing on valuable horticultural traits. To achieve this goal, morphological and molecular analyses were performed on ten natural populations. Through STRUCTURE and PCoA analyses, ten M. croatica populations were placed into western and eastern genetic groups, with several individuals from western populations assigned to the eastern group and vice versa. These atypical individuals assigned to the new genetic group by BAPS analysis indicate gene flow between western and eastern populations. Similarly, an analysis of molecular variance revealed fewer genetic differences than within studied populations. Both PCA and CANDISC analysis based on eleven morphological traits largely confirmed the existence of two slightly different genetic groups. Two populations containing plants with the most flowers per shoot, one with white-flowered individuals, one with the roundest leaves, and one with the narrowest leaves proved to be the most horticulturally valuable. The genetic and morphological variability found should be a sufficient basis for the potential selection of M. croatica populations and individuals for horticultural purposes.
Keywords: morphological characterization, molecular characterization, Micromeria croatica (Lamiaceae), Dinaric Alps
Published in DiRROS: 19.03.2024; Views: 55; Downloads: 32
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9.
Varijabilnost morfoloških svojstava listova europske crne topole i hibridnih crnih topola u klonskom arhivu u Žepču
Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić, Dalibor Ballian, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is one of the most important European tree species, inhabiting alluvial habitats along the banks of large rivers. Today, it is one of the most endangered species of forest trees due to habitat devastation, regulation of river flows, excessive exploitation, and the introduction of non-native tree species with which it hybridized. This study aims to determine the variability of morphological properties of black poplar leaves n Bosnia and Herzegovina, within and among populations, and among river basins. Material from the clonal archive of black poplars was researched. The archive was founded in 2005 in Žepče. It contains clones from 161 trees of indigenous black poplars from 26 populations throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina (from the basins of 6 rivers) and 15 hybrid poplar species (table 1 and table 2). Ten leaves were collected from each clone by taking the fifth leaf from the top of the main shoot. Five leaves from each clone were measured. The measurement was performed with a digital movable scale with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and a protractor. The following traits were measured: leaf blade length, leaf blade width, petiole length, total leaf length, the angle between the first lateral nerve and central nerve, and distance from the leaf base to the widest part of the leaf. The number of teeth on one cm above the widest part of the leaf was counted. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 and EXCEL by populations and river basins. Analysis of variance revealed that there are statistically significant differences among the studied populations (table 4), as well as among river basins (table 7), for all investigated traits. The petiole length trait showed the highest variability, and the lowest variability had the insertion angle of the first lateral and central nerve (table 3). The clones of population of hairy black poplars Čapljina had the lowest values of leaf traits and differed significantly in all measured properties from the others. The most common number of teeth per 1 cm of leaf edge for all populations was four teeth (figure 2), which appeared on 38.3% of leaves. This research gives us a small insight into the morphological characteristics of black poplars in the clone archive Žepče and can be the basis for further researches of the traits of black poplars needed for a successful continuation of work on breeding this species
Keywords: european black poplar, clone archive, morphological traits of laeves
Published in DiRROS: 19.03.2024; Views: 63; Downloads: 33
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10.
Clustering of field maple populations from different ecological conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina based on discriminant analysis of morphological traits
Stjepan Kvesić, Dalibor Ballian, Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: Acer campestre L. is naturally distributed in most of Europe. The species can serve as a valuable model for researching the sensitivity of populations to habitat fragmentation. This research aims to determine whether there is a differentiation of field maple populations based on their division by ecological-vegetation regions, precipitation amounts, temperatures, and altitudes of the populations. The material was collected from 25 populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from different ecological-vegetation areas, with twelve trees per population and five fruits and ten leaves per tree. Then, 10 fruit properties and 19 leaf properties were analyzed. A discriminant analysis was performed for population groups based on the ecological-vegetation area, amount of precipitation, average annual air temperature and altitude. The discriminant analysis results showed the distinguishing of groups of populations in the sub-Mediterranean area, and groups of populations with an average annual temperature of 14.00 to 15.99 °C. There was no clear separation of the groups according to the average annual precipitation or altitude. The analysis of the connection established that the influence of environmental factors is more pronounced compared to geographical factors. The key ecological variable that determines morphological separation was temperature and to a lesser extent precipitation. The results of this research will be used in planning of afforestation of suitable, unvegetated land and extreme habitats in the southern and southwestern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina with Acer campestre.
Keywords: Acer campestre, discriminant analysis, ecological-vegetation reionization, population groups differentiation
Published in DiRROS: 19.03.2024; Views: 59; Downloads: 33
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