11. Hydrogeological characterization of karst springs of the white (Proteus anguinus anguinus) and black olm (Proteus anguinus parkelj) habitat in Bela krajina (SE Slovenia)Katja Koren, Rok Brajkovič, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The springs west of Črnomelj, in SE Slovenia, are the habitat of the black (Proteus anguinus parkelj) and the white olm (Proteus anguinus anguinus). Some of these springs are also the only known habitat in the world of endemic species of black olm. A steady decline in olm populations has been observed in this area over the past decades. Owing to the rapid runoff and groundwater flow high-resolution monitoring is essential in providing better insight into the hydrogeological characterization of the catchment area of springs. Specific factors and critical parameters of water behind said olm degradation have not yet been defined. Because the olm’s environment is largely aquatic, one potential critical parameter could be the higher water temperatures (>12 °C) or higher nitrate concentration (>9.2mg/l). The six-month observation of the springs (July – December 2021) point to water temperature as a potential critical parameter since the water temperature of the springs exceeded 12 °C in months July and August. Nitrate concentrations could also be a second critical parameter in the degradation of the olm’s habitat. Maximum nitrate concentrations above 9.2mg/l throughout much of the observation period (except for Dobličica spring). Due to less agricultural activity in December in the spring catchment area and a higher dilution rate due to reduced evapotranspiration and increased effective precipitation during this time of the year, the nitrate concentrations are decreased. The results of the measured parameters of groundwater could show the hydrogeological connection between the Otovski and Pački breg springs and between Šotor, Jamnice and Dobličica. The Obršec spring has an independent catchment area. A detailed estimation of the springs catchment area is possible due to a detailed geologic map. It is necessary to determine the origin of the nitrate (nitrate isotope analysis), to quantify the threshold values of the critical parameters, to define precisely all the causes of the olm deterioration, and to make proposals for appropriate measures to limit or even stop the decline of the olm population.
Keywords: hydrogeology, olm, ecology, nitrate, monitoring
Published in DiRROS: 16.01.2024; Views: 184; Downloads: 64
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12. Impact assessment of the Gajke and Brstje landfills on groundwater status using stable and radioactive isotopesSonja Cerar, Luka Serianz, Polona Vreča, Marko Štrok, Tjaša Kanduč, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Waste disposal in landfills represents a severe threat to aquatic environments on the local, regional, and global levels. In Slovenia, there are 69 registered landfills where groundwater is regularly monitored. However, isotope techniques are not regularly employed. Therefore, we employed isotope analysis of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in combination with total alkalinity to assess the impact of the selected landfill on groundwater and to evaluate the biogeochemical processes at work. The δ18O, δ2H, δ13CDIC, 3H activity and total alkalinity were determined in October 2020 at 12 sampling points from the surrounding area of the Gajke and Brstje landfills and leachate from the Gajke landfill. The δ18O (-9.24 ± 0.3 ‰) and δ2H (-64.9 ± 2.7 ‰) in groundwater indicate that the main water source consists in direct infiltration of precipitation, with no significant isotopic fractionation. Total alkalinity in the investigated area ranges from 5.45 to 73 mM and δ13CDIC from –14.9 to +6.1 ‰, respectively. Higher values of total alkalinity (up to 73 mM), δ13CDIC (up to +6.1 ‰), δ18O (-7.64 ‰) and 3H (209.8 TU) are detected in the leachate, indicating biogeochemical process related to CO2 reduction or methanogenesis. Methanogenesis could be present at locations GAP-10/13 (Brstje landfill) and G-2 (Gajke landfill) with δ13CDIC values ranging from –8.2 to –7.6 ‰ and with dissolved oxygen values around 0 % and elevated 3H values (from 16 to 18 TU). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of isotopic analysis as a valuable tool for monitoring landfills, revealing shifts in biogeochemical processes within the groundwater there.
Keywords: groundwater, monitoring, landfill, stable isotopes, tritium, Gajke, Brstje
Published in DiRROS: 16.01.2024; Views: 194; Downloads: 69
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13. Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for detecting a crypt beneath a paved church floorMarjana Zajc, Alojzij Grebenc, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: After the discovery of an archive document regarding an underground crypt beneath the f loors of the Church of St. Margaret (Sv. Marjeta) in Dol pri Ljubljani, Slovenia, further research was carried out to confirm its presence. An area filled with construction waste was discovered during a recent small-scale renovation of the church floor. This finding suggested the potential underground chamber may have been partly filled in during one of the previous restorations. A non-invasive GPR study was carried out along eight profiles inside the church to prove the existence of an underground crypt. Results show the presence of an air-filled chamber, confirmed later by a hole drilled in the floor. Additional findings in the church archive and pictures taken by a camera, lowered through a drilled hole, revealed three previously unknown caskets in the crypt. According to the archives, two of them belong to Baron Wolf Daniel Erberg and his wife who died in 1783 and 1774, respectively.
Keywords: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), church Sv. Marjeta, crypt, underground chamber, Baron Erberg, Dol pri Ljubljani
Published in DiRROS: 16.01.2024; Views: 167; Downloads: 48
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14. Ocena količinskega stanja podzemnih voda za Načrt upravljanja voda 2022–2027 (NUV III)Petra Souvent, Urška Pavlič, Mišo Andjelov, Nina Rman, Peter Frantar, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Ocena količinskega stanja podzemnih voda je del Načrta upravljanja voda 2022–2027 (NUV III). Z njo po določenih kriterijih ovrednotimo količinsko stanje na 21 vodnih telesih podzemnih voda v Sloveniji kot »dobro« ali »slabo«. Ocena je izvedena s štirimi preizkusi, kjer analiziramo vpliv odvzemov (črpanih količin) podzemne vode na: količine podzemne vode in vodno bilanco, ekološko stanje površinskih vodnih teles, kopenske ekosisteme odvisne od podzemne vode in vdore slane vode ali vode slabše kakovosti v vodonosnik. Končno skupno oceno, na podlagi opravljenih preizkusov, določa kriterij najslabše ocene. Na podlagi rezultatov izvedenih preizkusov imamo 20 vodnih teles ocenjenih s skupno oceno »dobro«. Vodno telo Dravska kotlina pa je ocenjeno kot »slabo«, ker črpanje podzemne vode povzroča vdore vode slabše kakovosti v vodonosnik. Zadnja obdobna ocena količinskega stanja 1991–2020 razkriva, da imamo v plitvih vodonosnikih podzemnih vodnih teles letno na razpolago dobrih 4 milijarde m3 podzemne vode. Odvzemi podzemne vode (črpane količine) so v obdobju 2014–2019 v plitvih vodonosnikih dosegali povprečno 135 milijonov m3/leto. Na območju globokega geotermalnega vodonosnika v Murski kotlini so odvzemi v tem obdobju ocenjeni na 2,5 milijona m3/leto. Numerični modeli simulirajo omejeno napajanje, ki se kaže kot izcejanje iz okoliških kamnin v geotermalni vodonosnik v višini približno 2,3 milijona m3 termalne vode na leto.
Keywords: podzemna voda, vodno telo, preizkus količinskega stanja, vodna bilanca, ekosistemi, odvzemi
Published in DiRROS: 16.01.2024; Views: 162; Downloads: 59
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16. Pisma Johanna Jacoba Ferberja : geološki opisi Slovenije iz druge polovice 18. stoletjaMihael Brenčič, 2023, review article Abstract: Obravnavana sta prevoda pisem Johanna Jacoba Ferberja (1743–1790), švedskega geologa in mineraloga, ki je septembra 1771 potoval preko Slovenije. Prvo pismo, naslovljeno na Ignaza von Borna, je bilo objavljeno v knjigi »Pisma iz Italije o naravnih čudesih te dežele, ki so bila poslana naslovniku Ignacu plemenitemu Bornu«, ki je izšla leta 1773 v Pragi, drugo pismo, poslano Giovanniju Arduinu, pa najdemo v knjigi »Zbirka razprav s področja kemije, mineralogije, metalurgije in oriktografije«, ki je izšla leta 1775 v Benetkah. Obe pismi vsebujeta razsvetljenski znanstveni opis geologije dela območja današnje Slovenije, ki temelji na takrat veljavnih geoloških teorijah. V članku smo podali kratke življenjepise akterjev, prevoda obeh pisem ter njun komentar in interpretacijo.
Keywords: mineralogija, razsvetljenska geologija, regionalna geologija, zgodovina geologije, Giovanni Arduino, Ignaz von Born
Published in DiRROS: 15.01.2024; Views: 212; Downloads: 51
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17. Upper Triassic–to Lower Cretaceous Slovenian Basin successions in the northern margin of the Sava FoldsBenjamin Scherman, Boštjan Rožič, Ágnes Görög, Szilvia Kövér, László Fodor, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The evolution of the Slovenian Basin southern margin is currently interpreted based on the successions outcropping in the surroundings of Škofja Loka, on the Ponikve Plateau and in the foothills of the Julian Alps in western Slovenia, as well as from the valley of the Mirna River in south-eastern Slovenia. However, no extensive research on this paleogeographic unit has been carried out in the northern part of the Sava Folds region. Recent field observations permitted the recognition of Upper Triassic to lowermost Cretaceous successions of the Slovenian Basin, including the recently described Middle Jurassic Ponikve Breccia Member of the Tolmin Formation. Based on reambulation-type geological mapping, macroscopic facies observations supported by microfacies analysis and biostratigraphy, three stratigraphic columns were constructed showcasing Slovenian Basin formations on the northern flank of the Trojane Anticline (Sava Folds region). These newly described successions encompass Upper Triassic (Bača Dolomite Formation) and Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous resedimented limestones and pelagic formations, while the attribution of the Pseudozilian Formation is complex. Based on facies characteristics these successions are similar to those preserved in the Podmelec Nappe (lowermost thrust unit of the Tolmin Nappe) in western Slovenia. The connection between the western and the eastern Slovenian Basin during the Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous interval could be thus recognised.
Keywords: Southern Alps, Sava Folds, Slovenian Basin, Jurassic, Ponikve Breccia, stratigraphy, foraminifera
Published in DiRROS: 15.01.2024; Views: 208; Downloads: 130
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18. Borers and epizoans on oyster shells from the upper Tortonian, Lower Chelif Basin, NW AlgeriaRachid Khalili, Linda Satour, Saci Mennad, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The three oyster lenses of the upper Tortonian of Djebel Touaka site which are described herein contain three species, Crassostrea gryphoides (Schlotheim), Ostrea lamellosa (Brocchi) and Hyotissa squarrosa (De Serre). The density of shell packing between the lenses is dissimilar. Most of the specimens are disarticulated and poorly fragmented; they exhibit a random distribution and orientation, without any distinct sorting. Bioerosion and encrustation are featured on both surfaces of left and right valves. The identified ichnogenera are Entobia (Bronn), Gastrochaenolites (Leymarie, 1842), Caulostrepsis (Clarke, 1908), Trypanites (Mägdefrau, 1932) and Maeandropolydora (Voigt, 1965). Encrusters are scared, represented by juvenile oysters/other bivalves, bryozoans and barnacles. The coexistence of borings on both sides of valves means that they probably occur not only while alive, but they keep happening after death. The oyster beds were deposited in a foreshore to shoreface environment, from the combined action of wave currents and sedimentation rate.
Keywords: Miocene, borings, encrustation, Entobia, Gastrochaenolites, Caulostrepsis, Trypanites, Maeandropolydora, foreshore, shoreface
Published in DiRROS: 15.01.2024; Views: 144; Downloads: 66
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19. Geological-genetic structure of Irpin city, the role of lithological factors during engineering-geological zoning and construction assessmentPavlo Zhyrnov, Iryna Solomakha, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The scheme of engineering-construction assessment created based on engineering-geological zoning of the city’s territory is desirable among additional graphic materials in the design of master plans projects as determined by building regulations. Engineering-geological zoning provides for different ranks’ selection of engineering-geological units (EG units), which have a particular range of common engineering-geological conditions that ultimately determine the construction sites’ affiliation to a specific suitability category. Geological-genetic structure of Irpin city of Kyiv region (Ukraine) is explored in this article. A variant of the creation of a large-scale engineering-geological map and corresponding geological-lithological sections by supporting boreholes in the borders of the city based on the engineering-geological survey conducted is presented. The obtained result allowed the selection of engineering geological zoning units – engineering geological districts by general conditions of geological development and subdistricts by engineering-geological complexes of Quaternary rocks’ thickness. The analysis of soils’ geomechanical properties (engineering-geological elements) lays the foundations for the selection of engineering-geological sites based on the comparison of this information with geomorphological, hydrogeological and geodynamic data. Accounting of geological-lithological factors in the preparation of the construction assessment scheme in the project of Irpin city’s master plan has become the ultimate result.
Keywords: engineering-geological zoning, engineering-geological units, geological-genetic structure, engineering-geological map, construction assessment
Published in DiRROS: 15.01.2024; Views: 180; Downloads: 128
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20. Overview of the thermal properties of rocks and sediments in SloveniaDušan Rajver, Simona Adrinek, 2023, review article Abstract: The use of geothermal energy, which comes from both deep geothermal systems and the shallow underground, has been developing rapidly in the last few decades. The purpose of the paper is to present the results of measurements of the thermal properties of all rock samples and sediments that were available from boreholes, two tunnels and numerous surface locations in Slovenia in the period from 1982 to the end of 2022. In relation to the shallow geothermal potential, a special effort is needed to characterize the thermal properties of the rocks and sediments and to implement thermal energy transfer technology. In this sense, knowledge of the thermal conductivity of rocks and sediments is required to assess the possibility of low-enthalpy heat exchange in a given local area. The largest number of measurements was taken to determine thermal conductivity. Determinations of thermal diffusivity were carried out on a much smaller number of rock and sediment samples, as well as determinations of radiogenic heat production in rocks. The results of thermal conductivity measurements on 430 samples from 119 wells, 20 samples from two tunnels and 156 samples from surface locations are shown. The highest thermal conductivities are shown by samples of dolomite, quartz conglomerate and conglomerate, phyllonite, quartz phyllite and gneiss, while the lowest are measured in sediments such as clay, lignite with clay, peat and dry sand. The determined radioactive heat generation is the lowest for milonitized dolomite and highest for dark grey sandstone with shale clasts. Our results are comparable to those already published worldwide, and they could be the basis for the possible future Slovenian standard for the thermal properties of measured rocks and sediments.
Keywords: thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, borehole, tunnel, surface, rock, sediment, radioactive heat generation, Slovenia
Published in DiRROS: 15.01.2024; Views: 172; Downloads: 88
Full text (6,03 MB)
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