181. Oljka, sušne razmere, tla in deficitno namakanjeMaja Podgornik, Jakob Fantinič, Milena Bučar-Miklavčič, Vasilij Valenčič, Bojan Butinar, Dominik Vodnik, Helena Gramc, Damijana Kastelec, Mitja Ferlan, Marina Pintar, 2022, scientific monograph Abstract: Monografija obsega pregled znanja na področju prilagoditve oljk na sušne razmere ter pregled tehnologij namakanja oljk. Res je, da je oljka manj zahtevna vrsta, saj lahko uspeva v izjemno skeletnih tleh in je zelo dobro prilagojena na pomanjkanje vode v njih, a kljub fiziološkim prilagoditvam, lahko sušne razmere negativno vplivajo na rast, razvoj in pridelek oljk. Sušni stres lahko pri oljkah blažimo z deficitnim namakanjem. Deficitni način namakanja je oblika nadgradnje namakanja, saj z nadzorovanim primanjkljajem vode zagotovimo kakovost pridelka, obstoj rastline ter hkrati zmanjšamo porabo vode in energije. Deficitni način namakanja, temelji na načelu, da obrok vode dodamo takrat, ko ga rastlina najbolj gospodarno uporabi. Pri tem je ključnega pomena poznavanje rastlinske vrste, njenih anatomskih in morfoloških značilnosti, fizioloških prilagoditev na sušo, biokemijski odziv na stresne dejavnike in s tem vpliv na kakovost plodov in olja. Poleg tega je potrebno tudi poznavanje dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na pridelovalne sposobnosti oljk, kot so lastnosti tal s svojimi vodno zadrževalnimi sposobnostmi ter dostopna voda v tleh. Ob skrbnem upoštevanju potreb rastline in okoljskih razmer z ustreznim delovanjem namakalnega sistema lahko dosežemo usklajeno razmerje med kakovostjo in količino pridelka o hkratnem varovanju potencialov naravnih virov.
Published in DiRROS: 14.06.2022; Views: 734; Downloads: 480
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184. The time course of quadriceps strength recovery after total knee arthroplasty is influenced by body mass index, sex, and age of patientsArmin Paravlić, Cécil J. W. Meulenberg, Kristina Drole, 2022, review article Abstract: Introduction: For patients with osteoarthritis who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA), quadriceps strength is a major determinant of general physical function regardless of the parameters adopted for functional assessment. Understanding the time course of quadriceps strength recovery and effectiveness of different rehabilitation protocols is a must. Therefore, the aim of this study was to: (i) determine the magnitude of maximal voluntary strength (MVS) loss and the time course of recovery of the quadriceps muscle following TKA, (ii) identify potential moderators of strength outcomes, and (iii) investigate whether different rehabilitation practices can moderate the strength outcomes following TKA, respectively. Design: General scientific databases and relevant journals in the field of orthopedics were searched, identifying prospective studies that investigated quadriceps’ MVS pre-to post-surgery. Results: Seventeen studies with a total of 832 patients (39% males) were included. Results showed that in the early post-operative days, the involved quadriceps’ MVS markedly declined, after which it slowly recovered over time in a linear fashion. Thus, the greatest decline of the MVS was observed 3 days after TKA. When compared to pre-operative values, the MVS was still significantly lower 3 months after TKA and did not fully recover up to 6 months following TKA. Furthermore, a meta-regression analysis identified that the variables, time point of evaluation, patient age, sex, and BMI, significantly moderate the MVS of the quadriceps muscle. Conclusion: The analyzed literature data showed that the decrease in strength of the involved quadriceps muscles following TKA is considerable and lasts for several months post-surgery. Therefore, we recommend to specifically target the strengthening of knee extensor muscles, preserve motor control, and apply appropriate nutrition to ensure a holistic quadriceps muscle recovery. Since age, sex, and BMI were found to be moderating factors in patients’ recovery, further research should include specific analyses considering these moderators.
Keywords: knee osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty, rehabilitation, functional performance, voluntary activation, obesity, body mass index
Published in DiRROS: 26.05.2022; Views: 722; Downloads: 477
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185. Does cognitive training improve mobility, enhance cognition, and promote neural activation?Uroš Marušič, Joe Verghese, Jeannette R. Mahoney, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: A close inter-relationship between mobility and cognition is reported in older adults, with improvements in gait performance noticeable after cognitive remediation in frail individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on mobility in healthy, independently living older adults, and to determine whether CCT is associated with changes in neural activation for mobility-related brain processes. Using a randomized single-blind control design, sixty-three non-demented adults age 60 y and older (mean age = 67 y; 76% female, mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score = 27) were recruited from a local Senior Activity Center. Participants were randomly assigned to either a 2-month CCT program (8 weeks, 3x/week, 40 min/session) or a wait-list control group. Primary outcome was self-selected gait speed during single- and dual-task walking. Secondary outcome was executive function on Trail Making Test (TMT), Part B. Neural activity was assessed via electroencephalography/event-related potentials (EEG/ERPs) targeting lower-limb performance. Results from a linear mixed effect model, adjusted for baseline MoCA score, age, gender, and study completion revealed that compared to controls, CCT improved gait speed during the dual-task (p = 0.008) but not during the single-task walking condition (p = 0.057). CCT also improved executive function (p = 0.024). Further, shorter foot reaction time responses (p = 0.019) were found with enhanced neural activation over sensorimotor areas, with shorter ERP latencies during the P2 component (p = 0.008) and enhanced motor responses (p = 0.009) also evident in the CCT group after the intervention. Overall, the electrophysiological findings suggest possible neural adaptations that could explain improvements in mobility and executive functions associated with CCT in healthy older adults.
Keywords: visual evoked potentials, motor-related cortical potentials, executive control, cognitive-motor brain networks, healthy aging, sensorimotor integration, functional mobility
Published in DiRROS: 24.05.2022; Views: 642; Downloads: 479
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186. Consuming Eid Al-Adha : constructing and expressing the Muslim identityAmar Ahmed, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: There is a lacuna in ethnographic research with regards to Muslims’ identity construction and expression from an internal perspective. Eid Al-Adha is an Islam-ic holiday which is rich in symbolism, collective rituals, and spiritual and material abundance. The article will interpret the meanings and values that consumers of Eid Al-Adha construct as parts of their identity, mainly being the religious one. It will discuss how the holiday expresses significant Muslim values like collectiv-ism, submission to God, sacrifice, charity, patience, and sacredness. Moreover, it will explain possible differences in consumption reflecting particularism due to national and/or cultural identities. The paper furthers our understanding of what Muslims do and say during their consumption of the Day rather than referring to scriptures or scholars. It contributes to the body of knowledge of Muslim holidays, the meanings associated with them, and how celebrators utilize the symbolism within them to construct their identities.
Keywords: Muslims, identity, Eid Al-Adha, consumer culture theory, Islamic culture, cultural consumption, identity construction, identity expression
Published in DiRROS: 19.05.2022; Views: 529; Downloads: 348
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187. Expounding the concept of religion in Islam as understood by Syed Muhammad Naquib al-AttasMesut Idriz, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: The discussions concerning the religion in Islam have a long history in Mus-lim intellectual tradition, particularly in the Arabic language. However, with the rise and development of Islamic oriental studies in the Western world in the last two centuries and particularly after the second half of the 20th century onwards, a “return” to semantic studies began re-emerging. Realizing the necessity, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas began to focus and develop the definitions that had been altered, and clarified misunderstood and misleading concepts in relation to the religion of Islam in both the Muslim world and the West. Beginning from the 1970s, al-Attas began explicating his thoughts for the English speaking milieu (later in other languages). Al-Attas’s profound knowledge in various disciplines, traditions, cultures, and languages allowed him to begin to contribute scholarly input as he contributed his beliefs as well as ideas in the academic environment. In this article, al-Attas’s comprehensive understanding will be discussed briefly, but in some detail, including is own specific intellectual contributions.
Keywords: religion, Islam, din and religion, Qur’an, Arabic language
Published in DiRROS: 19.05.2022; Views: 505; Downloads: 313
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188. Dietary acid load but not Mediterranean diet adherence score is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular health state : ǂa ǂpopulation observational study from Northern ItalyJuana Maria Sanz, Domenico Sergi, Simona Colombari, Eleonora Capatti, Roberta Situlin, Gianni Biolo, Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo, Stefano Lazzer, Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot, Angelina Passaro, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Diet plays a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of chronic diseases. In this regard, the Mediterranean diet has been widely shown to exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. On the contrary, the Western diet, which has also been reported to be an acidogenic dietary pattern, elicits detrimental effects on both metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) health. However, the role of dietary acid load (DAL) as a predictor of cardiometabolic prognosis remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study aims to compare Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) and DAL focusing on their relationship with metabolic and CV prognosis. A total of 448 individuals aged 55–80 years were grouped depending on their MDA, assessed using food frequency questionnaires, or DAL, evaluated using potential renal load acid (PRAL) and net-endogenous acid production (NEAP). Study participants underwent anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence was evaluated according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. Finally, the CV risk was evaluated using three independent algorithms: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and Cuore risk scores. Mediterranean diet adherence was negatively associated with PRAL and NEAP. Individuals in the higher MDA tertile group had higher HDL cholesterol as well as lower homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) and fat mass relative to the lowest MDA tertile. However, in the high-MDA tertile group, there was neither a significantly lower MetS prevalence nor CV risk. Instead, both the MetS prevalence and CV risk were higher in individuals in the higher acid PRAL quartile relative to the lower alkaline PRAL quartile. Dietary acid load, especially assessed using PRAL but not MDA, was associated with indices of metabolic and CV prognosis. Thus, DAL assessed by 24-h dietary recalls may represent a better predictor of cardiometabolic health if compared to MDA evaluated using food frequency questionnaires.
Keywords: Mediterranean diet, dietary acid load, alkaline diet, acidic diet, metabolic syndrome, cradiovascular risk score
Published in DiRROS: 19.05.2022; Views: 725; Downloads: 442
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189. An exploration of the Christian-Muslim landscape in modern Syria and the contribution of Eastern Christian thought to interreligious dynamicsAndrew Ashdown, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: This paper considers Christian-Muslim relations in modern Syria and the im-portance that eastern Christian thought can make to the interreligious context within the Middle East. It briefly describes the diverse historical and contempo-rary Christian and Muslim religious landscapes that have cohabited and interacted within the country and the cultural, religious, and political issues that have im-pacted the interreligious dynamic. Based on fieldwork undertaken in government-held areas during the Syrian conflict, combined with critical historical and Christian theological reflection, the article contributes to understanding Syria’s diverse religious landscape and the multi-layered expressions of Christian-Muslim relations, in a way that has not been previously attempted. providing insights into interreligious praxis prior to the conflict and in its midst, the article contributes to an understanding of the ef-fect of conflict on interreligious relationships. The article considers the unique contribution of eastern Christianity to the Christian-Muslim dynamic and concludes that the significance of the theology and spirituality of the ‘Antiochene’ paradigm has been under-recognised in west-ern discourse and that, having coexisted within the cultural environment of Islam, it is uniquely placed to play a major role in Christian-Muslim dialogue and the reframing of Islam’s engagement with modern society.This article contributes therefore to knowledge and understanding of the changing Christian-Muslim dynamic in Syria and the neighbouring region; a new understanding of the religious landscape; and a door to exploring how eastern Christian approaches to Christian-Muslim relations may be sustained and strengthened in the face of the considerable religious and political challenges faced by both communities today.
Keywords: Middle East, Syria, Christian-Muslim relations, Eastern Christianity
Published in DiRROS: 11.05.2022; Views: 555; Downloads: 386
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190. Islamic mysticism and interreligious dialogueMohammad Saeedimehr, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: My aim in this paper is to investigate Islamic Mysticism and find out how and to what extent mystical views can build good grounds for a productive and fruit-ful interreligious dialogue. First, I provide a brief clarification of what I mean by the notions of ‘interreligious dialogue’ and ‘Islamic mysticism.’ Then, I explain three mystical principles as three bases for the promotion of interreligious dialo-gue. These are the metaphysico-theological principle of ‘the unity of existence’ (waḥdat al-wujūd), the anthropological thesis of fitra (primordial nature), and the hermeneutic method for interpreting the Qur’an. Finally, I explore the implicati-ons of these principles for interreligious dialogue and discuss the role of mystical teachings in promoting interreligious dialogue in two different, though interrela-ted, areas: doxastic and moral.
Keywords: Islam, Islamic mysticism, interreligious dialogue, sufism, Ibn ‘Arabi
Published in DiRROS: 11.05.2022; Views: 536; Downloads: 351
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