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Povzetek: Invasive alien species (IAS) require management to mitigate their impact on ecosystems. The success of management decisions often depends on whether they are socially acceptable and to what extent people are willing to be actively involved in an early warning and rapid response system (EWRR). We administered a nation-wide public poll to assess people%s knowledge on plant, insect and fungal IAS; their perception of IAS as an environmental problem; and their support for different IAS management measures. Most respondents (76%) knew the term IAS, and more than half (62%) provided a correct definition. Species with more media attention and those that are easily visible are more frequently identified correctly. Almost all respondents (97%) support an EWRR system; however, there is heterogeneity in terms of the types of actions people approve of. Non-lethal measures garner more support than lethal ones. Gender and previous knowledge also affect the level of agreement. The willingness-to-pay question largely confirmed this, as people were divided into four classes according to their preferences for either biological, mechanical or chemical measures to control IAS; completeness and location of removal; and having an EWRR established. Mechanical removal is the most preferred treatment in two of the four classes, and complete removal is preferred over partial removal in one of the four classes. Having an EWRR is consistently supported in all classes, and removal in urban areas is preferred over removal in forestland in only one class.
Ključne besede: Early warning and rapid response system, public attitudes, management measures, alien insects, alien plants, alien fungi
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.07.2019; Ogledov: 2629; Prenosov: 1443
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Ključne besede: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, borov smolasti rak, vektorji, Fusarium circinatum, Gibberella circinata, Pinus sp., feromonska vaba, žuželke
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.07.2019; Ogledov: 2033; Prenosov: 116

Povzetek: An inventory of tree microhabitats was done in two unmanaged forests (Kobile and Ravna gora forest reserves) and one managed beech forest in SE Slovenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of forest management, natural disturbances, and tree characteristics on microhabitat patterns. Forest structure and microhabitats were recorded in systematically placed plots (500 m2 in size) across each area. In total, we inventoried 849 trees on 54 plots and 1833 tree microhabitats. The results showed that forest management had no significant influence on the abundance of microhabitats per tree, but there were differences regarding microhabitat type between managed and unmanaged sites. There were substantially more microhabitats related to standing dead and live habitat trees in unmanaged forest (e.g. woodpecker cavities, insect galleries and bore holes, branch holes, dead branches and fruiting bodies of fungi), whereas in managed forests there were more tree microhabitats related to management (e.g. exposed heartwood, coarse bark, and epiphytic plants). The results also indicate that disturbance, tree diameter, vitality, and species influence the density, diversity, and occurrence of tree microhabitats.
Ključne besede: forest management, biodiversity, tree microhabitats, beech forests, old-growth, veteran tree, natural disturbance, dead wood
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.07.2019; Ogledov: 6975; Prenosov: 2954
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Povzetek: Navadni muflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) je danes v Sloveniji najštevilčnejša, vendar zelo slabo raziskana tujerodna vrsta parkljarjev. Tudi drugod po Evropi so raziskave te vrste redke, še zlasti glede rabe krmišč, čeprav je dopolnilno krmljenje pogosta praksa v mnogih državah. V pričujoči raziskavi smo s pomočjo avtomatskih kamer ugotavljali sestavo tropov muflonov, ki so obiskovali pet zimskih krmišč na Gorenjskem. Spremljali smo tudi cirkadiano dinamiko obiskov krmišč ter pojavljanje drugih vrst divjadi pri krmiščih. Povprečna velikost tropov muflonov je znašala 3,5 živali; najpogosteje so krmišča obiskovale samice z mladiči. Zabeležili smo dva viška obiskov krmišč, in sicer okoli sončnega vzhoda in zahoda. Krmišča za muflone je obiskovalo še šest drugih vrst divjadi, med katerimi je bil najdominantnejši navadni jelen (Cervus elaphus). Spremljanje krmišč z uporabo avtomatskih kamer se je izkazalo za učinkovit način spremljanja populacije muflonov in njihove rabe krmišč.
Ključne besede: muflon, Ovis orientalis musimon, krmljenje, krmišča, socialni sistem, struktura tropov, cirkadiana aktivnost, medvrstne interakcije, foto-pasti, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.07.2019; Ogledov: 7285; Prenosov: 2756
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Povzetek: The number of invasive alien pest and pathogen species affecting ecosystem functioning, human health and economies has increased dramatically over the last decades. Discoveries of invasive pests and pathogens previously unknown to science or with unknown host associations yet damaging on novel hosts highlights the necessity of developing novel tools to predict their appearance in hitherto naïve environments. The use of sentinel plant systems is a promising tool to improve the detection of pests and pathogens before introduction and to provide valuable information for the development of preventative measures to minimize economic or environmental impacts. Though sentinel plantings have been established and studied during the last decade, there still remains a great need for guidance on which tools and protocols to put into practice in order to make assessments accurate and reliable. The sampling and diagnostic protocols chosen should enable as much information as possible about potential damaging agents and species identification. Consistency and comparison of results are based on the adoption of common procedures for sampling design and sample processing. In this paper, we suggest harmonized procedures that should be used in sentinel planting surveys for effective sampling and identification of potential pests and pathogens. We also review the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic methods for early detection in sentinel systems, and the feasibility of the results obtained supporting National Plant Protection Organizations in pest and commodity risk analysis.
Ključne besede: alien invasive pests, alien invasive pathogens, commodity risk analysis, early warning, sampling techniques, sentinel plants, pest risk analysis, prediction
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.07.2019; Ogledov: 2341; Prenosov: 1379
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