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Keywords: trajnostno gospodarjenje z gozdovi, kazalniki, časovna analiza, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 01.12.2023; Views: 226; Downloads: 0

Abstract: Železniški transport je okoljsko in ekonomsko sprejemljivejši od drugih vrst kopenskega transporta, vendar lahko negativno vpliva na prostoživeče živali, saj pomeni oviro za njihovo gibanje (barierni učinek) ter neposredno povečuje umrljivost zaradi trkov z vlaki. Zaradi tovrstnih vplivov je smiselno načrtovati in implementirati omilitvene ukrepe, ki zagotavljajo ekološko povezljivost in zmanjšujejo umrljivost prostoživečih živali na območju železniške infrastrukture. Ukrepi morajo biti usmerjeni predvsem k preprečevanju vstopanja in zadrževanja živali na območju železniških tirov, saj se vlaki praviloma ne morejo izogniti trku. Še posebej primerni so omilitveni ukrepi, ki zmanjšujejo število trkov in ne povečujejo bariernega učinka. V preglednem članku smo se osredotočili na ukrepe, ki so bili obravnavani oz. implementirani na območju železniške infrastrukture in na novejše raziskave, v okviru katerih so preverjali možnost uporabe alternativnih omilitvenih ukrepov, npr. opozorilnih sistemov, testiranih v Kanadi in na Švedskem. V drugem delu prispevka predstavljamo predlog protokola za zagotovitev migracijskih koridorjev na območju železnice, ki smo ga oblikovali na podlagi relevantne tuje literature in lastnih izkušenj, pridobljenih z načrtovanjem in spremljanjem ukrepov za zmanjšanje povoza prostoživečih živali (s poudarkom na parkljarjih) na cestah, hitrih cestah ter avtocestah in z analizo povozov na območju slovenske železniške infrastrukture v izbranem petletnem obdobju.
Keywords: migracijski koridorji, železniška infrastruktura, barierni učinek, protokol, omilitveni ukrepi, trki prostoživečih živali z vlaki
Published in DiRROS: 30.11.2023; Views: 502; Downloads: 147
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Abstract: Introduction: Herbaceous plant species constitute an essential element of the flora of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests. There is increasing evidence that rapidly changing climate is likely to modify the spatial distribution of plant species. However, we lack understanding of the impact that climate change might have on beech forest herbs across the European continent. We investigated the possible effects of predicted increasing rates of global warming and altered precipitation regimes on 71 forest herbs closely associated with beech forests, but with varying biogeographic and climatic niche attributes. Methods: By using a total of 394,502 occurrence records and an ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs), we quantified the potential current distribution and future (2061-2080) range shifts in climatic suitability (expressed as occurrence probability, OP) according to two climate change scenarios (moderate SSP2-4.5 and severe SSP5-8.5). Results: Overall, precipitation of the warmest quarter and temperature seasonality were the most influential predictors in shaping current distribution patterns. For SSP5-8.5 scenario, all studied species experienced significant reductions (52.9% on average) in the total size of highly suitable areas (OP >0.75). However, the magnitude and directions of changes in the climatic suitability were highly species-specific; few species might even increase OP in the future, particularly in case of SSP2-4.5 scenario. The SDMs revealed the most substantial decline of climatic suitability at the trailing edges in southern Europe. We found that climatic suitability is predicted to show unidirectional northward shift and to move toward higher elevations. The gain/loss ratio was generally higher for narrow-ranged species compared to widespread taxa. Discussion: Our findings are contextualized with regards to potential confounding factors (dispersal limitation, microclimatic buffering) that may mitigate or accelerate climate change impacts. Given the low long-distance migration ability, many beech forest herbs are unlikely to track the velocity with which macroclimatic isotherms are moving toward higher latitudes, making this species group particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Keywords: species distribution modelling, global warming, range shift, climatic niche, biogeography, Europe
Published in DiRROS: 29.11.2023; Views: 250; Downloads: 124
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Keywords: monitoring, nacionalna gozdna inventura, odmrla lesna biomasa, temeljnica, površina gozda, lesna zaloga, vzorčne ploskve, poročila
Published in DiRROS: 21.11.2023; Views: 295; Downloads: 0

Abstract: Although several studies have focused on the influence of moonlight on deer–vehicle collisions, findings have been inconsistent. This may be due to neglect of the effects of cloud cover, a major impediment to moon illumination and circannual variation in both deer and human activity. We assessed how median cloud cover interacted with the illuminated fraction of the moon in affecting daily roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) roadkill in Slovenia (Central Europe). Data included nationwide roadkill (n = 49,259), collected between 2010 and 2019 by hunters, as required by law. Roadkill peaked under medium to high cloud cover and decreased during nights with low or extremely high cloudiness. This pattern was more pronounced on nights with a full moon. However, the effects of moon illumination and cloud cover had a lower predictive potential than circannual variation, as collisions clearly peaked in April/May, July and August/September. Our results suggest that moonlight could influence roe deer movements through compensatory foraging. However, on nights with a full moon, collisions could also be affected by weather. On bright nights, roe deer might be less active due to increased human presence and sustained vehicular traffic. Then, with medium to high cloud cover and also rainfall, human presence in the environment may be low enough to increase deer movements, but vehicular traffic can still be intermediate, maximizing the risk of collisions. Finally, with overcast skies, widespread rainfall can reduce both traffic volume and human outdoor activity, decreasing the risk of collisions. Moon illumination may indeed affect wildlife–vehicle collisions and roadkill, but its effects should be quantified as a function of cloud cover. Moreover, to make studies truly comparable, research about wildlife–vehicle collisions should also account for time of the year. Policy implications. Because collisions with roe deer peak at particular periods of the year, signs should be installed seasonally. By doing so, they would warn drivers about the risk, improve drivers' awareness and increase their safety. Moreover, as collisions also increase on nights with a full moon and overcast skies, interactive warning signs that are activated by ground illumination should also be useful.
Keywords: cloudiness, MODIS Surface Reflectance, moon, road ecology, roe deer, Slovenia, thin-plate splines, wildlife–vehicle collisions
Published in DiRROS: 16.11.2023; Views: 334; Downloads: 151
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