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Iskalni niz: "avtor" (Aleš Kladnik) .

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1.
Candidate pathogenicity factor/effector proteins of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism, accelerate the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, and induce autophagosomes
Marina Dermastia, Špela Tomaž, Rebeka Strah, Tjaša Lukan, Anna Coll Rius, Barbara Dušak, Timotej Čepin, Aleš Kladnik, Maja Zagorščak, Kristina Gruden, Maruša Pompe Novak, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The pathogenicity of intracellular plant pathogenic bacteria is associated with the action of pathogenicity factors/effectors, but their physiological roles for most phytoplasma species, including ‘Candidiatus Phytoplasma solani’ are unknown. Six putative pathogenicity factors/effectors from six different strains of ‘Ca. P. solani’ were selected by bioinformatic analysis. The way in which they manipulate the host cellular machinery was elucidated by analyzing Nicotiana benthamiana leaves after Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation with the pathogenicity factor/effector constructs using confocal microscopy, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation, and enzyme assays. Candidate pathogenicity factors/effectors were shown to modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism and the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and to induce autophagosomes. PoStoSP06, PoStoSP13, and PoStoSP28 were localized in the nucleus and cytosol. The most active effector in the processes studied was PoStoSP06. PoStoSP18 was associated with an increase in phosphoglucomutase activity, whereas PoStoSP28, previously annotated as an antigenic membrane protein StAMP, specifically interacted with phosphoglucomutase. PoStoSP04 induced only the ascorbate–glutathione cycle along with other pathogenicity factors/effectors. Candidate pathogenicity factors/effectors were involved in reprogramming host carbohydrate metabolism in favor of phytoplasma own growth and infection. They were specifically associated with three distinct metabolic pathways leading to fructose-6-phosphate as an input substrate for glycolysis. The possible significance of autophagosome induction by PoStoSP28 is discussed.
Ključne besede: autophagosome, effector, glycolysis, pathogenicity factor, StAMP
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.08.2023; Ogledov: 413; Prenosov: 183
.pdf Celotno besedilo (7,84 MB)
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2.
Geographical and temporal diversity of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' in wine-growing regions in Slovenia and Austria
Nataša Mehle, Sanda Kavčič, Sara Mermal, Sara Vidmar, Maruša Pompe Novak, Monika Riedle-Bauer, Günter Brader, Aleš Kladnik, Marina Dermastia, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: As the causal agent of the grapevine yellows disease Bois noir, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ has a major economic impact on grapevines. To improve the control of Bois noir, it is critical to understand the very complex epidemiological cycles that involve the multiple “Ca. P. solani” host plants and insect vectors, of which Hyalesthes obsoletus is the most important. In the present study, multiple genotyping of the tuf, secY, stamp, and vmp1 genes was performed. This involved archived grapevine samples that were collected during an official survey of grapevine yellows throughout the wine-growing regions of Slovenia (from 2003 to 2016), plus samples from Austrian grapevines, stinging nettle, field bindweed, and insect samples (collected from 2012 to 2019). The data show that the tuf-b2 type of the tuf gene has been present in eastern Slovenia since at least 2003. The hypotheses that the occurrence of the haplotypes varies due to the geographical position of Slovenia on the Italian–Slovenian Karst divide and that the haplotypes are similar between Slovenian and Austrian Styria were confirmed. The data also show haplotype changes for host plants and H. obsoletus associated with ‘Ca. P. solani,’ which might be linked to new epidemiological cycles of this phytoplasma that involve not just new plant sources and new insect vectors, but also climate and land-use changes.
Ključne besede: Bois noir, genotyping, ‘Ca. P. solani’, tuf gene, secY, survey, tuf-b2, stamp
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.06.2022; Ogledov: 775; Prenosov: 497
.pdf Celotno besedilo (3,98 MB)
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3.
Rastlinske celice v urinu pri bolnikih z Brickerjevim mehurjem
Tanja Planinšek, Aleš Kladnik, Živa Pohar-Marinšek, Margareta Strojan Fležar, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: V citoloških vzorcih občasno opazimo različne kontaminante, kot so smukec, kristali in nitke bombažne vate. Pri rutinskem pregledovanju citoloških vzorcev urina za malignost smo občasno opazili kontaminacijo preparatov z rastlinskimi celicami. Ugotovili smo, da so bile prisotne samo pri bolnikih, ki so imeli narejen obvod urina po Brickerju. Preparate urina za rutinsko citopatološko preiskavo smo pripravili z membransko filtracijo, jih fiksirali v Delaunayu in jih pobarvali po Papanicolaouu. Pregledali smo jih s svetlobnim mikroskopom. Pripravili smo tudi preparate iz kožnih podlog podjetij Coloplast in ConvaTec, ki jih stomisti uporabljajo za pritrditev vrečke na urostomo. Samo v Coloplastovih kožnih podlogah smo našli rastlinske celice, ki so bile morfološko enake rastlinskim celicam v urinu bolnikov z Brickerjevim mehurjem. Pripravili smo tudi preparate iz različnih snovi, ki so sestavni del kožnih podlog. Rastlinske celice so bile prisotne samo v preparatih guar gumija, ki ga pridobivajo iz semen rastline Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Rastlinske celice so se po velikosti, obliki in barvi močno razlikovale od epitelijskih črevesnih celic, ki so prisotne v urinu bolnikov z Brickerjevim mehurjem, zato bi jih tudi neizkušen presejalec težko zamenjal z displastičnimi človeškimi celicami. Pomembno pa je, da vse elemente, ki jih najdemo v celičnih vzorcih, prepoznamo in da pri neobičajnih najdbah, kot so rastlinske celice, tudi razložimo, kako je prišlo do kontaminacije vzorca.
Ključne besede: citološki vzorci, rastlinske celice, Brickerjev mehur, bolezni sečil
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.08.2018; Ogledov: 3321; Prenosov: 820
.pdf Celotno besedilo (742,42 KB)

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