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Query: "keywords" (natural hazards) .

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1.
Outgassing behaviour during highly explosive basaltic eruptions
Emily C. Bamber, Giuseppe La Spina, Fabio Arzilli, Margherita Polacci, Lucia Mancini, Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, Daniele Andronico, Rosa Anna Corsaro, Mike R. Burton, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Explosivity of basaltic eruptions is related to the efficiency in which exsolved gas can separate from the melt during ascent, which is controlled by magma permeability. However, basaltic pyroclasts from eruptions of varying explosivity can show similar permeability, indicating a possible complex relationship between permeability, outgassing and eruptive style. Here, we provide 3D measurements of basaltic pyroclasts using X-ray microtomography. We investigate the role of permeability and outgassing on magma ascent dynamics by using a numerical conduit model. Among the permeable parameters, bubble number density and friction coefficient largely affect explosivity. However, for fast ascending basaltic magmas, gas-melt coupling is maintained independent of magma permeability. In this case, magma storage conditions may determine eruptive style, driving rapid magma ascent, crystallisation and bubble nucleation, producing a highly explosive eruption. Monitoring parameters which reveal pre-eruptive conditions may assist hazard mitigation, particularly for basaltic systems which exhibit a wide range in eruptive style.
Keywords: natural hazards, petrology, volcanology
Published in DiRROS: 12.01.2024; Views: 156; Downloads: 83
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2.
Reconstruction of rockfall activity through dendrogeomorphology and a scar-counting approach : a study in a beech forest stand in the Trenta valley (Slovenian Alps)
Barbara Žabota, Daniel Trappmann, Tom Levanič, Milan Kobal, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: Trees represent an important archive that can be used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal patterns of rockfall events. Rockfall impacts can be recorded in the form of anomalies in tree rings and impact scars on the tree stem. In this paper we demonstrate the use of an approach based on counting scars for reconstructing the frequency and spatial pattern of past rockfalls. The approach was applied by counting the visible scars on the stem surface of 52 European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the area of the Trenta Valley, Slovenia. The average number of impacts per trees was 7, and the impacts were mostly classified as old, indicating reduced rockfall activity in recent years. The average recurrence interval was 31.8 years, which was reduced by 1.2 years by the application of the conditional impact probability. The spatial pattern of rockfall impacts shows that rockfall activity is higher in the middle part of the studied slope.
Keywords: rockfall, natural hazards, dendrogeomorphology, tree rings, stem scars, recurrence interval
Published in DiRROS: 01.04.2020; Views: 3895; Downloads: 2987
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3.
The influence of abiotic and biotic disturbances on the protective effect of alpine forests against avalanches and rockfalls
Domen Oven, Barbara Žabota, Milan Kobal, 2020, review article

Abstract: Abiotic and biotic disturbances in alpine forests can reduce forest cover or change the structure of the forest and consequently reduce the protective effect of forest against natural hazards such as avalanches and rockfalls. In this review article, the effect of the main abiotic (forest fire, windthrow, ice break, snow break, avalanche and rockfall) and biotic (insects and pathogens) disturbances in protection forests are presented along with their potential influence on the protective effect of forest against avalanches and rockfalls. In general, natural disturbances negatively affect the protective effect of forest, especially in the case of large-scale and severe events, which in alpine areas are mostly caused by storms, bark beetle outbreaks, avalanches and forest fires. Climate change induced interactions between disturbances are expected to present challenges in the management of protection forests in the future.
Keywords: natural disturbances, natural hazards, abiotic disturbances, biotic disturbances, protection forests, protective effect, stand parameters, rockfall, avalanche
Published in DiRROS: 01.04.2020; Views: 4128; Downloads: 3249
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