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Abstract: In the last few decades, an increasing number and intensity of bark beetle outbreaks have plagued the forests of Europe and North America. Bark beetle management is directly related to forest owner characteristics, although this relationship is not well understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of forest owner characteristics on the amount and timing of sanitary felling under different disturbance regimes and quantities of Norway spruce. We combined different databases on sanitary felling, the timing of sanitary felling, and forest owner characteristics for Slovenia from 2014 to 2018 and analyzed the amount and timing of sanitary felling in relation to forest owner characteristics. We found that the timing in winter and the amount of sanitary felling were positively associated with the distance of the owner%s residence to the forest parcel. Larger parcels were more affected by bark beetles but did not have later timing of cutting in the summer period as was hypothesized. The timing of sanitary felling decreased with property size, while with the probability of sanitary felling, the effect of property depended on the ice storm and the amount of spruce. The size of the settlement, the permanent address of the private owner, and timing of sanitary felling were positively associated but also depended on the amount of spruce. Gender and age did not have an important influence on the amount and timing of sanitary felling. Forest owners are an important factor in effective bark beetle management. This study highlights the private forest ownership characteristics that should be emphasized in order to fight bark beetle outbreaks in the event of large-scale disturbances. Governments should support forest owners who are at greater risk of bark beetle outbreaks and less efficient in managing outbreaks. Furthermore, landowner characteristics should be included when forecasting bark beetle outbreaks.
Keywords: close-to-nature management, sanitary felling, Ips typographus, forest pest management, forest owner characteristics
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2021; Views: 1155; Downloads: 818
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Abstract: In recent decades, there have been an increasing number of outbreaks of Ips typographus in Europe. A large amount of sanitary felling has taken place, with significant economic and ecological consequences. In order to anticipate such large%scale outbreaks, an effective monitoring system should be set up. One important aspect of monitoring is deciding which pheromone to use. Therefore, we decided to test five different commercially available pheromone lures under different disturbance conditions: Pheroprax%, IT Ecolure Extra%, Ipstyp%, Ipsowit% and Typosan%. We investigated the ability of the pheromones to distinguish between disturbed and undisturbed locations, their cost%efficiency ratio, and side effects such as bycatch abundance and composition. We set 50 traps in two areas with sites that were disturbed and undisturbed by windstorms. We collected the catch from traps every 1%2 weeks from the end of March until the end of September in 2019. We found that IT Ecolure Extra%, Ipsowit% and % Pheroprax% caught the most I. typographus and best showed changes in the trap catch of I. typographus throughout the whole season. There was a low amount of bycatch (<6% of the total catch) and a low number of predators (a few specimens), but some groups seem to prefer certain pheromones. The cost of the pheromones increased with their effectiveness. However, pheromone costs are low relative to the personnel costs involved in setting traps and collecting the catch. Based on all of the gathered data, we created an index which helps to assess the cost%efficiency of the five chosen commercially available pheromones. We also present guidelines on how to make such an index to assist other researchers in choosing the right pheromone for monitoring populations of I. typographus or other bark beetle species.
Keywords: bark beetles, cost-efficiency, Ips typographus, monitoring pheromones, Picea abies
Published in DiRROS: 21.01.2021; Views: 1400; Downloads: 766
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Abstract: V prispevku predstavljamo spletna orodja, s katerimi si lahko pomagamo pri upravljanju s smrekovimi podlubniki. Na voljo je več spletnih orodij, ki pomagajo pri načrtovanju spremljanja kontrolnih pasti in kontrolnih nastav, ki jih uporabljamo za ugotavljanje gostote populacij smrekovih podlubnikov. Na podlagi teh podatkov vsako leto ugotavljamo lokacije pasti, kjer so se podlubniki prenamnožili. Posledično moramo na takšnih lokacijah povečati obseg ukrepov in pospešiti izvajanje varstva gozdov pred podlubniki zaradi preprečevanja škode v gozdovih. Rezultate teh analiz objavljamo v spletni reviji Napovedi o zdravju gozdov. V okviru Javne gozdarske službe na Gozdarskem inštitutu Slovenije, tj. Poročevalsko prognostično-diagnostične službe za gozdove, vsako leto izdelamo kratkoročno napoved sanitarnega poseka smreke. Napoved je verjetnostna in pomaga pri bolj osredotočenem iskanju žarišč smrekovih lubadark; najprej iščemo žarišča na lokacijah, kjer je največja verjetnost pojava žarišč. Tako se poveča verjetnost, da žarišča najdemo še v zgodnji fazi napada, kar omogoči več časa za ukrepanje. Ko enkrat najdemo žarišče, nas zanima, koliko časa imamo za sanacijo. Za ta namen smo razvili spletno orodje, ki izračuna priporočeni rok za izvedbo ukrepov za zatiranje smrekovih podlubnikov. S tem orodjem si lahko postavimo prioritete za sanacijo žarišč lubadark, tj. najprej saniramo žarišča, katerim bo rok za izvedbo ukrepov potekel najprej. Izdelali smo tudi dolgoročno napoved sanitarne sečnje zaradi žuželk, ki je lahko v pomoč pri določitvi smernic za dolgoročno gospodarjenje s smreko in pri usmerjanju ciljne drevesne sestave v gozdnogospodarskih načrtih. Vsa navedena spletna orodja je razvil Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije in so javno dostopna na spletnem portalu Varstvo gozdov (www.zdravgozd.si).
Keywords: rok sanitarne sečnje, fenološki model, RITY, CHAPY, osmerozobi smrekov lubadar, Ips typographus, šesterozobi smrekov lubadar, Pityogenes chalcographus, pripomoček, spremljanje, monitoring, namnožitev, napoved, prognoza, gostota populacije
Published in DiRROS: 14.11.2020; Views: 1608; Downloads: 477
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Keywords: varstvo gozdov, modeli, trendi, kontrolne pasti, režasta past Theyson, Ips typographus, osmerozobi smrekov lubadar, laboratoriji
Published in DiRROS: 28.07.2020; Views: 1848; Downloads: 880
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Keywords: smrekovi podlubniki, smreka, osmerozobi smrekov lubadar, Ips typographus, šesterozobi smrekov lubadar, Pityogenes chalcographus, računalniški model, RITY, CHAPY, fenološki model, organizacija dela, sanitarna sečnja, varstvo gozdov, lubadarka, sečnja, sušica, biologija podlubnikov, gradacija, namnožitev, napoved, prognoza, simptomi, znaki, razvojna faza
Published in DiRROS: 27.05.2020; Views: 2006; Downloads: 0