11. Extending BIM for air quality monitoringMichael Nicolas Mrissa, Jan Vcelak, László Hajdu, Balázs Dávid, Miklós Ferenz Krész, Jakub Michal Sandak, Anna Malgorzata Sandak, Rok Kanduti, Monika Varkonji, Anja Jutraž, Katja Malovrh Rebec, 2020, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: As we spend more than 90% of our time inside buildings, indoor environmental quality is a major concern for healthy living. Recent studies show that almost 80% of people in European countries and the United States suffer from SBS (Sick Building Syndrome), which affects physical health, productivity and psychological well-being. In this context, environmental quality monitoring provides stakeholders with crucial information about indoor living conditions, thus facilitating building management along its lifecycle, from design, construction and commissioning to usage, maintenance and end-of-life. However, currently available modelling tools for building management remain limited to static models and lack integration capacities to efficiently exploit environmental quality monitoring data. In order to overcome these limitations, we designed and implemented a generic software architecture that relies on accessible Building Information Model (BIM) attributes to add a dynamic layer that integrates environmental quality data coming from deployed sensors. Merging sensor data with BIM allows creation of a digital twin for the monitored building where live information about environmental quality enables evaluation through numerical simulation. Our solution allows accessing and displaying live sensor data, thus providing advanced functionality to the end-user and other systems in the building. In order to preserve genericity and separation of concerns, our solution stores sensor data in a separate database available through an application programming interface (API), which decouples BIM models from sensor data. Our proof-of-concept experiments were conducted with a cultural heritage building located in Bled, Slovenia. We demonstrated that it is possible to display live information regarding environmental quality (temperature, relative humidity, CO2, particle matter, light) using Revit as an example, thus enabling end-users to follow the conditions of their living environment and take appropriate measures to improve its quality
Keywords: Building Information Model, internet of things, environmental quality monitoring, healthy living
Published in DiRROS: 19.01.2024; Views: 185; Downloads: 85
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12. Fire safety assessment of sprinkler systems for car parks using the J-value methodologyMalika Alimzhanova, Michael Spearpoint, Grunde Jomaas, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: A J-value assessment was carried out to quantify the costs and benefits of sprinkler system installation in car parks, both with respect to life safety and property protection. Nine scenarios were established based on collected input data. All car park types were considered for the USA, England, Scotland, Wales and the UK nations collectively, while separate considerations were made for multi-storey car parks (MSCPs) in the UK and for MSCPs, underground and other parking types in England.
Even when assuming 100% sprinkler effectiveness, the J-values for the nine scenarios were all larger than unity (ranging from 5 to 555), thus indicating that the installation of sprinklers is not a cost-effective investment for car parks from a societal point of view. The analysis showed that different car park types must be treated separately, due to specifics of structure and fire statistics. The lowest J-values were obtained for MSCPs and underground car parks. Sprinkler installation mainly provides property protection benefits, because of property loss savings substantially outweigh those associated with life safety.
Even though sprinklers were not cost-effective for car parks in the current analysis, the scarcity of data and new emerging technologies suggests that further investigation is needed.
Keywords: cost-benefit analysis, J-value, life quality index, Car parks, Sprinkler systems
Published in DiRROS: 09.01.2024; Views: 172; Downloads: 58
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13. Selective demethylation reactions of biomass-derived aromatic ether polymers for bio-based lignin chemicalsFlorian Maximilian Harth, Brigita Hočevar, Tina Ročnik, Edita Jasiukaityte, Jana Blüm, Michael Fiedel, Blaž Likozar, Miha Grilc, 2023, review article Published in DiRROS: 18.12.2023; Views: 226; Downloads: 87
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14. Effect of surface machining on the environmentally-assisted cracking of Alloy 182 and 316L stainless steel in light water reactor environments : results of the collaborative project MEACTOSMariia Zimina, Stefan Ritter, Bojan Zajec, Marc Vankeerberghen, Liberato Volpe, Anna Hojna, Rik-Wouter Bosch, Fabio Scenini, Zaiqing Que, Alberto Sáez-Maderuelo, P. Jill Meadows, Michael Grimm, Matthias Herbst, Andraž Legat, Agostino Maurotto, Radek Novotny, Karl-Heinz Seifert, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The main objective of the EU-funded project mitigating environmentally-assisted cracking through optimisation of surface condition (MEACTOS) was to gain knowledge on the ability of different surface machining procedures to mitigate environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) in typical light water reactor structural materials and environments. Surfaces of cold-worked (CW) type 316L austenitic stainless steel and nickel-based weld metal Alloy 182 flat tapered tensile specimens were machined using different processes. EAC initiation susceptibility of these specimens was evaluated using constant extension rate tensile (CERT) tests under simulated boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) conditions and assessed using constant load experiments. More than a hundred tests were performed covering about 10 years of autoclave testing time. Only minor or no measurable improvements in EAC initiation susceptibility as a function of surface treatments (grinding or advanced machining) compared to the standard industrial face milling were demonstrated. In most cases, the stress thresholds for EAC initiation determined in constant load tests confirmed the trend obtained from CERT tests. This paper summarises the most important results and conclusions concerning the EAC initiation behaviour for the CW 316L and Alloy 182 under reducing PWR and oxidizing BWR conditions.
Keywords: crack initiation, environmentally-assisted cracking, Alloy 182, AISI 304 stainless steel, surface treatment, light water reactor, open access
Published in DiRROS: 30.05.2023; Views: 328; Downloads: 188
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15. Fluorine free surface modification of tannin-furanic foams by silylationThomas Sepperer, Alexander Petutschnigg, Ann-Kathrin Koopmann, Jorge Torres-Rodríguez, Primož Šket, Diana E. Bedolla, Nicola Hüsing, Michael S. Elsaesser, 2023, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 29.05.2023; Views: 308; Downloads: 152
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16. Thiocarbohydrazone and chalcone-derived 3,4-dihydropyrimidinethione as lipid peroxidation and soybean lipoxygenase inhibitorsNikitas Georgiou, Eleni Chontzopoulou, Antigoni Cheilari, Aikaterini Katsogiannou, Danai Karta, Kyriaki Vavougyiou, Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina, Uroš Javornik, Janez Plavec, Demeter Tzeli, Stamatia Vassiliou, Thomas Michael Mavromoustakos, 2023, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 29.05.2023; Views: 284; Downloads: 158
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17. Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali-activated materialsShishir Mundra, Gabriel Samson, Giulia Masi, Rebecca Achenbach, David M. Bastidas, Susana Bernal, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Maria Criado, Martin Cyr, Nina Gartner, Stefanie von Greve‐Dierfeld, Andraž Legat, Nikoonasab Ali, John L. Provis, Michael Raupach, Gregor J. G. Gluth, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Alkali‐activated materials (AAMs) are binders that can complement and partially substitute the current use of conventional cement. However, the present knowledge about how AAMs protect steel reinforcement in concrete elements is incomplete, and uncertainties exist regarding the application of electrochemical methods to investigate this issue. The present review by EFC WP11‐Task Force ‘Corrosion of steel in alkali‐activated materials’ demonstrates that important differences exist between AAMs and Portland cement, and between different classes of AAMs, which are mainly caused by differing pore solution compositions, and which affect the outcomes of electrochemical measurements. The high sulfide concentrations in blast furnace slag‐based AAMs lead to distinct anodic polarisation curves, unusually low open circuit potentials, and low polarisation resistances, which might be incorrectly interpreted as indicating active corrosion of steel reinforcement. No systematic study of the influence of the steel–concrete interface on the susceptibility of steel to corrosion in AAMs is available. Less common electrochemical methods present an opportunity for future progress in the field.
Keywords: alkali-aktivated materials, alkali‐activated materials, anodic/cathodic polarisation, concrete, linear polarisation resistance, open circuit potential, reinforcement corrosion, resistivity
Published in DiRROS: 29.05.2023; Views: 288; Downloads: 127
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18. Mode I fracture of beech-adhesive bondline at three different temperaturesJaka Gašper Pečnik, Andreja Pondelak, Michael David Burnard, Václav Sebera, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Single edge-notched three-point bending tests (SEN-TPB) for mode I were utilized to experimentallyevaluate fracture properties of adhesive bondlines in European beech (Fagus SylvaticaL.). Thebondline was examined at two anatomical planes with TR and RT orientation and at control andtwo elevated temperatures (70°C and 140°C). Among epoxy (EPI), melamine-urea formaldehyde (MUF), and polyurethane (PUR) adhesives, the highest average critical energyGcwith 0.80 N/mmand fracture energyGfwith 1079.4 N/mm were obtained for EPI in the TR plane and understandard climate conditions (20°C/65% relative humidity), followed by MUF (Gc= 0.50 N/mm andGf= 620 N/mm) and PUR (Gc= 0.25 N/mm andGf= 290.9 N/mm), respectively. PUR was leasteffected by elevated temperature, and no significant differences forGcandGfbetween TR and RTbondline orientations were found for MUF and PUR treated at 20°C/65% relative humidity whilecomparisons between other factors varied significantly. Treatment of specimens at elevatedtemperatures resulted in reduced fracture performance regardless of wood grain orientation orthe adhesive system.
Keywords: crack, fracture, grain orientation, temperature, European Beech, odprti dostop
Published in DiRROS: 03.05.2023; Views: 442; Downloads: 356
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19. G-quadruplex binding of an NIR emitting osmium polypyridyl probe revealed by solution NMR and time-resolved infrared studiesKateřina Peterková, Mark Stitch, Rayhaan Z. Boota, Paul A. Scattergood, Paul Elliott, Michael Towrie, Peter Podbevšek, Janez Plavec, Susan J. Quinn, 2023, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 06.03.2023; Views: 330; Downloads: 180
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20. Citizen science and monitoring forest pests : a beneficial alliance?Maarten De Groot, Michael J.O. Pocock, Jochem Bonte, Pilar Fernandez-Conradi, Elena Valdés-Correcher, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Purpose of the Review One of the major threats to tree health, and hence the resilience of forests and their provision of ecosystem services, is new and emerging pests. Therefore, forest health monitoring is of major importance to detect invasive, emerging and native pest outbreaks. This is usually done by foresters and forest health experts, but can also be complemented by citizen scientists. Here, we review the use of citizen science for detection and monitoring, as well as for hypothesis-driven research and evaluation of control measures as part of forest pest surveillance and research. We then examine its limitations and opportunities and make recommendations on the use of citizen science for forest pest monitoring. Recent Findings The main opportunities of citizen scientists for forest health are early warning, early detection of new pests, monitoring of impact of outbreaks and scientific research. Each domain has its own limitations, opportunities and recommendations to follow, as well as their own public engagement strategies. The development of new technologies provides many opportunities to involve citizen scientists in forest pest monitoring. To enhance the benefits of citizen scientists’ inclusion in monitoring, it is important that they are involved in the cocreation of activities. Summary Future monitoring and research may benefit from tailor-made citizen science projects to facilitate successful monitoring by citizen scientists and expand their practice to countries where the forest health sector is less developed. In this sense, citizen scientists can help understand and detect outbreaks of new pests and avoid problems in the future.
Keywords: forest health, community science, forest management, awareness raising, forest protection
Published in DiRROS: 28.11.2022; Views: 489; Downloads: 230
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