91. Detection of plant viruses using nanopore highthroughput sequencing : validation reportAnja Pecman, Veronika Bukvič, Ana Vučurović, Irena Bajde, Jakob Brodarič, Nataša Mehle, Denis Kutnjak, 2023, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Ključne besede: diagnostics, method validation, nanopores, high-throughput sequencing
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92. The state of the art of local GI implementation in the Alps : deliverable 1.3.1Danilo Bevk, Thomas Böhm, Mita Drius, Danijel Kablar, Blaž Koderman, Katharina Lautze, Mojca Pintar, Luana Silveri, 2024, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: In the last century, human population growth and industrial development have been leading to the depletion of natural resources, to ecosystem degradation and to a worrying change in the global climatic conditions. One of the most striking forms of degradation is the fragmentation of ecosystems and habitats because of land use change, which poses a serious threat to biodiversity. A fragmented ecosystem cannot provide the human population with the fundamental ecosystem services (so-called ES hereafter), such as pollination, food, air quality, carbon sequestration, flood management, water treatment, local climate regulation, soil erosion prevention and so on. As the negative impacts of fragmentation have become apparent, the importance of maintaining ecological connectivity within ecosystems and landscapes at different levels of naturalness, including between protected areas and at the rural-urban interface, has been increasingly recognised.
Ključne besede: green infrastructure, Alps, Interreg, ecosystem services
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95. TESTING OF CHRYSANTHEMUM STEM NECROSIS VIRUS AND OTHER AMERICAN CLADE 1 TOSPOVIRUSES BY RT-PCR : validation reportNataša Mehle, Irena Bajde, Jakob Brodarič, Ana Vučurović, 2024, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: Detection of Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) and other tospoviruses of American
clade 1.
Ključne besede: CSNV, orthotospovirses, diagnostics, method validation, EURL-Virology
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96. Deliverables 4 & 6 : refinement of pesticide risk assessment of amphibians and reptiles based on ecology and biology of wild populationsMarta Biaggini, Miguel A. Carretero, Dan Cogalniceanu, Mathieu Denoël, Christoph Leeb, Valentin Mingo, Gianpaolo Montinaro, Anamarija Žagar, 2024, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: Amphibians and reptiles are among the most threatened vertebrate taxa worldwide. About 41% (34%- 51%) of amphibians and 21% (18%-33%) of reptiles are included in the IUCN categories of threatened species (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable; IUCN, 2021; Cox et al., 2022). In Europe, nearly a quarter of amphibians and one fifth of reptiles are threatened and a further 17% of amphibians and 13% of reptiles are included among the Near Threatened species (IUCN, 2021). There are multiple reasons why amphibians and reptiles are declining, but habitat loss and degradation, followed by chemical pollution, both mainly attributable to the expansion of intensive agriculture, are commonly indicated among the major causes of herpetofauna decline worldwide as well as in the European region (Gibbons et al., 2000; Collins and Storfer, 2003; Ribeiro et al., 2009; Todd et al., 2010; Böhm et al., 2013, Arntzen et al., 2017).
Ključne besede: reptiles, amphibians, pesticides, risk assessment, environmental protection
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99. Marine strategy framework directive : Descriptor 2, non - indigenous species delivering solid recommendations for setting threshold values for non-indigenous species pressure on European seasKonstantinos Tsiamis, Ivan Cvitković, Marija Despalatović, Branko Dragičević, Jakov Dulčić, Ana Fortič, Janja Francé, Lovrenc Lipej, Borut Mavrič, Patricija Mozetič, Živana Ninčević Gladan, Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Monika Peterlin, Valentina Pitacco, Domen Trkov, Olja Vidjak, Ante Žuljević, 2021, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: Marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) are animals and plants introduced accidently or deliberately into the European seas, originating from other seas of the globe. About 800 marine non-indigenous species (NIS) currently occur in the European Union national marine waters, several of which have negative impacts on marine ecosystem services and biodiversity. Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Descriptor 2 (D2), EU Member States (MSs) need to consider NIS in their marine management strategies. The Descriptor D2 includes one primary criterion (D2C1: new NIS introductions), and two secondary criteria (D2C2 and D2C3). The D2 implementation is characterized by a number of issues and uncertainties which can be applicable to the Descriptor level (e.g. geographical unit of assessment, assessment period, phytoplanktonic, parasitic, oligohaline NIS, etc.), to the primary criterion D2C1 level (e.g. threshold values, cryptogenic, questionable species, etc), and to the secondary criteria D2C2 and D2C3. The current report tackles these issues and provides practical recommendations aiming at a smoother and more efficient implementation of D2 and its criteria at EU level. They constitute a solid operational output which can result in more comparable D2 assessments among MSs and MSFD regions/subregions. When it comes to the policy-side, the current report calls for a number of different categories of NIS to be reported in D2 assessments, pointing the need for the species to be labelled/categorised appropriately in the MSFD reporting by the MSs. These suggestions are proposed to be communicated to the MSFD Working Group of Good Environmental Status (GES) and subsequently to the Marine Strategy Coordination Group (MSCG) of MSFD. Moreover, they can serve as an input for revising the Art. 8 Guidelines.
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100. Guidance document on multiplex real-time PCR methods : European Network of GMO LaboratoriesLutz Grohmann, Alessandra Barbante, Ronnie Eriksson, Francesco Gatto, Tzveta Georgieva, Ingrid Huber, Julie Hulin, René Köppel, Ugo Marchesi, Lucas Marmin, Marco Mazzara, Frank Narendja, Heather Owen, Elena Perri, Ingrid Scholtens, Tereza Sovová, Slawomir Sowa, Dejan Štebih, Christopher Weidner, Kamila Zdeňková, 2021, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: This document provides guidance for the development of new qualitative and quantitative multiplex real-time methods (mpPCR) and their implementation in a routine testing laboratory for food, feed and seeds. When implementing a mpPCR method, the laboratory should perform either an (in-house) validation or a verification of the method before its use.
The various method performance parameters of the specific requirements for mpPCR are described and examples are given. Several different aspects have been considered, including the selection of the fluorophores, the master mix and the real-time PCR instrument used. The technical aspects are examined and recommendations are made on the choice of the detection and quantification strategy. Finally, a separate chapter is dedicated to troubleshooting (e.g. underperforming method, no or poor signal strength, cross-talk).
In addition, a collection of existing mpPCR methods with emphasis on GMO detection is presented.
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