1. Določanje dobrega okoljskega stanja. Poročilo za člen 9 Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji : zaključno poročilo 2012Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Lovrenc Lipej, Alenka Malej, Janja Francé, Branko Čermelj, Oliver Bajt, Nives Kovač, Borut Mavrič, Valentina Turk, Patricija Mozetič, Andreja Ramšak, Tjaša Kogovšek, Milijan Šiško, Vesna Flander-Putrle, Mateja Grego, Tinkara Tinta, Boris Petelin, Martin Vodopivec, Maja Jeromel, Urška Martinčič, Vlado Malačič, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: Deskriptor 1: Biotska raznovrstnost se ohranja. Kakovost in prisotnost habitatov ter razporeditev in številčnost vrst so v skladu s prevladujočimi fiziografskimi, geografskimi in podnebnimi pogoji.
»Presojo je treba opraviti na več ekoloških ravneh: na ravni ekosistemov, habitatov (vključno z njimi povezanimi združbami na nivoju biotopov) in vrst, ki so upoštevane v strukturi tega dela ob upoštevanju točke 2 dela A. Za nekatere vidike tega deskriptorja je potrebna dodatna znanstvena in tehnična podpora. Pri obravnavi širšega obsega deskriptorja je treba ob upoštevanju Priloge III k Direktivi 2008/56/ES določiti prioritete med elementi biotske raznovrstnosti (vrste, habitati in ekosistemi). To omogoča prepoznavanje tistih elementov in območij, kjer vplivi in grožnje nastajajo, poleg tega pa podpira opredelitev ustreznih kazalcev med izbranimi merili, primernimi za zadevna območja in elemente biotske raznovrstnosti. Obveznost regionalnega sodelovanja iz členov 5 in 6 Direktive 2008/56/ES je neposredno povezana z izbiro elementov biotske raznovrstnosti znotraj regij, podregij in pododdelkov, kjer je mogoče, pa tudi z vzpostavitvijo referenčnih razmer v skladu s Prilogo IV k Direktivi 2008/56/ES. Modeliranje z uporabo platforme geografskega informacijskega sistema je lahko uporabna podlaga za določanje območja razširjenosti elementov biotske raznovrstnosti ter človekovih dejavnosti in pritiskov zaradi teh dejavnosti, ob upoštevanju, da se vse mogoče zajete napake ustrezno ocenijo in opišejo ob uporabi rezultatov. Ti podatki so pogoj za ekosistemsko upravljanje človekovih dejavnosti in za razvoj s tem povezanih prostorskih orodij.«
Ključne besede: morje, obalno morje, onesnaževanje morja, plankton, hranilne snovi, ekološki parametri, onesnažila, onesnaževalci, biocenoze, okvirna direktiva o morski strategiji, poročila, onesnaženost, kvaliteta okolja, morska strategija, deskriptorji
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Ogledov: 28; Prenosov: 19
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2. Strokovne podlage za implementacijo Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji (2008/56/ES) : zaključno poročilo 2013Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Oliver Bajt, Branko Čermelj, Damir Deželjin, Janja Francé, Tjaša Kogovšek, Nives Kovač, Lovrenc Lipej, Vlado Malačič, Alenka Malej, Borut Mavrič, Patricija Mozetič, Andreja Ramšak, Milijan Šiško, Tinkara Tinta, Valentina Turk, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: V obdobju od 1. septembra do 20. decembra 2013 smo na Morski biološki postaji Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo zelo intenzivno delali na nalogah 1.4.3 (pisanje predloga programa spremljanja stanja za stalno presojo okoljskega stanja in razvoj potrebnih metodologij) in 1.4.7 (priprava podatkovne baze v skladu z zahtevami Evropske Komisije) projektne naloge za izdelavo strokovnih podlag za implementacijo Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji (2008/56/ES) v letu 2013. Z naročnikom smo sodelovali tudi pri nalogi 1.4.4 (priprava vsebin za sodelovanje z javnostmi). K sodelovanju pri nalogah 1.4.1 (sodelovanje pri nadaljnjem poročanju Evropski Komisiji), 1.4.2 (nadaljevanje kvantifikacije okoljskih ciljnih vrednosti), 1.4.5 (usklajevanje z državami regije in podregije), 1.4.6 (zagotovitev strokovne podpore Ministrstvu za kmetijstvo in okolje pri pripravi programov ukrepov), ki predstavljajo delo z naročnikom in drugimi inštitucijami, v tem obdobju nismo bili pozvani.
Ključne besede: morje, obalno morje, onesnaževanje morja, plankton, hranilne snovi, ekološki parametri, implementacije, strokovne podlage, onesnažila, onesnaževalci, biocenoze, okvirna direktiva o morski strategiji, Okvirna vodna direktiva, poročila, onesnaženost, kvaliteta okolja, deskriptorji
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Ogledov: 27; Prenosov: 16
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3. Možnosti za povečanje potenciala lokacij za marikulturo na obali in v slovenskem morju : končno poročiloVesna Flander-Putrle, Aleš Bolje, Janja Francé, Mateja Grego, Vlado Malačič, Boris Petelin, Milijan Šiško, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: V skladu s projektno nalogo »Možnosti za povečanje potenciala lokacij za marikulturo na obali in v slovenskem morju« smo pripravili Končno poročilo projektne naloge. Cilj projektne naloge je bil preveriti potencial že obstoječih lokacij marikulture na morju ter opredeliti potencialne nove lokacije na obali in v slovenskem morju, kjer bi bilo mogoče v prihodnje povečati obstoječe in razvijati nove oblike marikulture. V projektni nalogi smo uporabili le razpoložljive podatke. Pregledali smo veljavno zakonodajo na področju okoljevarstva, upravljanja in rabe voda, varovanja habitatov ter zdravja in dobrega počutja živali iz akvakulture, strokovno-raziskovalne ugotovitve in pripadajočo znanstveno literaturo.
Ključne besede: poročila, morja, gojenje morskih organizmov
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Ogledov: 102; Prenosov: 122
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4. Transformacijska matrika za statično korekcijo anemometra na boji Vidi : študijaVlado Malačič, elaborat, predštudija, študija Ključne besede: morje, Tržaški zaliv, umetni podvodni grebeni, podvodni grebeni, študije, ekološki parametri, resuspenzija, numerična analiza, tokovanje
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Ogledov: 72; Prenosov: 1745
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5. Redčenje onesnaženih meteornih voda s podmorskimi prelivnimi izpusti v Piranskem zalivu : elaboratVlado Malačič, 2019, elaborat, predštudija, študija Povzetek: Javno podjetje Okolje Piran, d.o.o je soočeno s fekalno onesnaženimi meteornimi vodami. Ta pojav je prisoten ob izrazitejših nalivih v vseh letnih časih, do izraza pa seveda pride v poletnem obdobju, ko so v Piranskem zalivu prisotni kopalci in se izvajajo številne druge rekreativne dejavnosti. Na predlog direktorja podjetja je enota Morske biološke postaje Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo sestavila ta elaborat, ki je v pomoč pri sprejemanju odločitve, ali bi npr. s podmorskimi izpusti uspeli v zadostni meri zmanjšati onesnaženje (registriranih) kopališč zaradi onesnaženih meteornih voda. V obravnavi je predvsem del severne obale Piranskega zaliva, to je območje med vzhodno stranjo nekdanjega skladišča soli (pred poslopjem nekdanje uprave podjetja Droga) in kopališčem pred hotelom Emona kompleksa Bernardin). Smiselna je proučitev postavitev podmorskih prelivnih cevi na treh obrežnih lokacijah obstoječih izpustov meteornih voda. Cevi bi naj peljale onesnaženo meteorno vodo po morskem dnu (malo nad njim) dovolj daleč proč od obale. Po možnosti bi se naj cevi zaključite z difuzorjem. Slednji je lahko zelo enostavno izveden, lahko pomeni zgolj bočno navrtan poslednji del/segment izpustne cevi in zaprt konec cevi. Bočne odprtine, ki so navrtane izmenično na eni in drugi strani izpustne cevi, naj bodo bistveno manjše od premera cevi, a hkrati ne premajhne. Izkušnje in izračuni kažejo, da je za difuzor smiselno navrtati izpustno cev premera 0,5 – 0,6 m z odprtinami premera 0,1 m. Njihovo število in razmak se natančneje določijo s hidravličnim izračunom izpusta (Malačič, 2001), ki smo ga pred desetletji naredili za piranski komunalni izpust, pa tudi z oceno začetnega (inicialnega) redčenja (=mešanja) izpuščene vode z morsko vodo. Podobne izračune inicialnega redčenja smo pred desetletji naredili tudi za Koprski zaliv (Malačič in Potočnik, 1998; Malačič, 1999a; Malačič, 1999b), ko so bile proučevane možnosti za podmorski izpust odplak.
Ključne besede: poročila, morje, meteorna voda, onesnaženje, Piranski zaliv
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Ogledov: 91; Prenosov: 2734
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6. Challenges for sustained observing and forecasting systems in the Mediterranean SeaJoaquín Tintoré, Nadia Pinardi, Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul, Eva Aguiar, Diego Álvarez-Berastegui, Marco Bajo, Rosa Balbin, Roberto Bozzano, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Vanessa Cardin, Vlado Malačič, 2019, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The Mediterranean community represented in this paper is the result of more than 30 years of EU and nationally funded coordination, which has led to key contributions in science concepts and operational initiatives. Together with the establishment of operational services, the community has coordinated with universities, research centers, research infrastructures and private companies to implement advanced multi-platform and integrated observing and forecasting systems that facilitate the advancement of operational services, scientific achievements and mission-oriented innovation. Thus, the community can respond to societal challenges and stakeholders needs, developing a variety of fit-for-purpose services such as the Copernicus Marine Service. The combination of state-of-the-art observations and forecasting provides new opportunities for downstream services in response to the needs of the heavily populated Mediterranean coastal areas and to climate change. The challenge over the next decade is to sustain ocean observations within the research community, to monitor the variability at small scales, e.g., the mesoscale/submesoscale, to resolve the sub-basin/seasonal and inter-annual variability in the circulation, and thus establish the decadal variability, understand and correct the model-associated biases and to enhance model-data integration and ensemble forecasting for uncertainty estimation. Better knowledge and understanding of the level of Mediterranean variability will enable a subsequent evaluation of the impacts and mitigation of the effect of human activities and climate change on the biodiversity and the ecosystem, which will support environmental assessments and decisions. Further challenges include extending the science-based added-value products into societal relevant downstream services and engaging with communities to build initiatives that will contribute to the 2030 Agenda and more specifically to SDG14 and the UN's Decade of Ocean Science for sustainable development, by this contributing to bridge the science-policy gap. The Mediterranean observing and forecasting capacity was built on the basis of community best practices in monitoring and modeling, and can serve as a basis for the development of an integrated global ocean observing system.
Ključne besede: observing and forecasting systems, sustained observations, ocean variability, FAIR data, climate, operational services, science with and for society, SDG's
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Ogledov: 209; Prenosov: 180
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7. Exceptional dense water formation on the Adriatic shelf in the winter of 2012Hrvoje Mihanović, Ivica Vilibić, Sandro Carniel, M. Tudor, A. Russo, A. Bergamasco, N. Bubić, Z. Ljubešić, Damir Viličić, A. Boldrin, Vlado Malačič, Massimo Celio, Cinzia Comici, F. Raicich, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In this paper we document dense water formation throughout the Adriatic shelf and coastal area in January/February 2012, resulting in record-breaking densities observed during and after the event. The unprecedented dense water generation was preconditioned by a dry and warm year which resulted in a significant reduction of coastal freshwaters, superimposed on a long-term basin-wide salinity increase. The final event that triggered the dense water formation was an extended period of cold weather with strong and severe winds. Record-breaking potential density anomalies (above 30 kg m−3) were measured at several formation sites. Accumulated surface net heat and water losses in some coastal regions exceeded 1.5 GJ m−2 and 250 kg m−2 over 21 days, respectively. Excessiveness, importance of shelf-type dense water formation and effects on the thermohaline circulation and deep aquatic systems are discussed.
Ključne besede: sea, marine water, density, physical oceanography, dense water, water density, Adriatic sea, Mediterranean sea, Adriatic shelf
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.08.2024; Ogledov: 195; Prenosov: 207
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8. Turbulence observations in the Gulf of Trieste under moderate wind forcing and different water column stratificationFrancesco Marcello Falcieri, Lakshmi Kantha, Alvise Benetazzo, Andrea Bergamasco, Davide Bonaldo, Francesco Barbariol, Vlado Malačič, Mauro Sclavo, Sandro Carniel, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The oceanographic campaign CARPET2014 (Characterizing Adriatic Region Preconditionig EvenTs), (30 January–4 February 2014) collected the very first turbulence data in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) under moderate wind (average wind speed 10 m s−1) and heat flux (net negative heat flux ranging from 150 to 400 W m−2). Observations consisted of 38 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) casts and 478 microstructure profiles (grouped into 145 ensembles) with three sets of yoyo casts, each lasting for about 12 consecutive hours. Averaging closely repeated casts, such as the ensembles, can lead to a smearing effect when in the presence of a vertical density structure with strong interfaces that can move up or down between subsequent casts under the influence of tides and internal waves. In order to minimize the smearing effect of such displacements on mean quantities, we developed an algorithm to realign successive microstructure profiles to produce sharper and more meaningful mean profiles of measured turbulence parameters.
During the campaign, the water column in the gulf evolved from well-mixed to stratified conditions due to Adriatic waters intruding at the bottom along the gulf's south-eastern coast. We show that during the warm and relatively dry winter, the water column in the Gulf of Trieste, even under moderate wind forcing, was not completely mixed due to the influence of bottom waters intruding from the open sea. Inside the gulf, two types of water intrusions were found during yoyo casts: one coming from the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea (i.e. cooler, fresher and more turbid) and one coming from the open sea in front of the Po Delta (i.e. warmer, saltier and less turbid). The two intrusions had different impacts on turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate profiles. The former, with high turbidity, acted as a barrier to wind-driven turbulence, while the latter, with low sediment concentrations and a smaller vertical density gradient, was not able to suppress downward penetration of turbulence from the surface.
Ključne besede: hydrology, oceanographic data, numerical modelling, wind forcing, turbulence
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Ogledov: 226; Prenosov: 208
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9. Modeling the ocean and atmosphere during an extreme bora event in northern Adriatic using one-way and two-way atmosphere-ocean couplingMatjaž Ličer, Peter Smerkol, Anja Fettich, Michalis Ravdas, Alexandros Papapostolou, Anneta Mantziafou, Benedikt Strajnar, Jure Cedilnik, Maja Jeromel, Jure Jerman, Sašo Petan, Vlado Malačič, Sarantis Sofianos, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: We have studied the performances of (a) a two-way coupled atmosphere%ocean modeling system and (b) one-way coupled ocean model (forced by the atmosphere model), as compared to the available in situ measurements during and after a strong Adriatic bora wind event in February 2012, which led to extreme air%sea interactions. The simulations span the period between January and March 2012. The models used were ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational) (4.4 km resolution) on the atmosphere side and an Adriatic setup of Princeton ocean model (POM) (1%=30%1%=30 angular resolution) on the ocean side. The atmosphere%ocean coupling was implemented using the OASIS3-MCT model coupling toolkit. Two-way coupling ocean feedback to the atmosphere is limited to sea surface temperature. We have compared modeled atmosphere%ocean fluxes and sea temperatures from both setups to platform and CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) measurements from three locations in the northern Adriatic.We present objective verification of 2m atmosphere temperature forecasts using mean bias and standard deviation of errors scores from 23 meteorological stations in the eastern part of Italy. We show that turbulent fluxes from both setups differ up to 20° during the bora but not significantly before and after the event. When compared to observations, two-way coupling ocean temperatures exhibit a 4 times lower root mean square errors (RMSE) than those from one-way coupled system. Two-way coupling improves sensible heat fluxes at all stations but does not improve latent heat loss. The spatial average of the two-way coupled atmosphere component is up to 0.3 °C colder than the one-way coupled setup, which is an improvement for prognostic lead times up to 20 h. Daily spatial average of the standard deviation of air temperature errors shows 0.15 °C improvement in the case of coupled system compared to the uncoupled. Coupled and uncoupled circulations in the northern Adriatic are predominantly wind-driven and show no significant mesoscale differences.
Ključne besede: sea, marine water, numerical modeling, physical oceanography, dense water, bora wind, Adriatic sea, Mediterranean sea, Adriatic shelf
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.07.2024; Ogledov: 223; Prenosov: 154
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10. Experimental evidence of long-term oceanic circulation reversals without wind influence in the North Ionian SeaAngelo Rubino, Miroslav Gačić, Manuel Bensi, Vedrana Kovacevic, Vlado Malačič, Milena Menna, Maria Eletta Negretti, Joel Sommeria, Davide Zanchettin, Ricardo V. Barreto, Laura Ursella, Vanessa Cardin, Giuseppe Civitarese, Mirko Orlić, Boris Petelin, Giuseppe Siena, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Under the emerging features of interannual-to-decadal ocean variability, the periodical reversals of the North Ionian Gyre (NIG), driven mostly by the mechanism named Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS), are known as impacting on marine physics and biogeochemistry and potentially influencing short-term regional climate predictability in the Eastern Mediterranean. Whilst it has been suggested that local wind forcing cannot explain such variability, aspects of the alternative hypothesis indicating that NIG reversals mainly arises from an internal ocean feedback mechanism alone remain largely debated. Here we demonstrate, using the results of physical experiments, performed in the world’s largest rotating tank and numerical simulations, that the main observed feature of BiOS, i.e., the switch of polarity of the near-surface circulation in the NIG, can be induced by a mere injection of dense water on a sloping bottom. Hence, BiOS is a truly oceanic mode of variability and abrupt polarity changes in circulation can arise solely from extreme dense water formation events.
Ključne besede: physical oceanography, climate and Earth system modelling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 209; Prenosov: 169
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