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Povzetek: Plant–soil biodiversity interactions are fundamental for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, the existence of a set of globally distributed topsoil microbial and small invertebrate organisms consistently associated with land plants (i.e., their consistent soil-borne microbiome), together with the environmental preferences and functional capabilities of these organisms, remains unknown. We conducted a standardized field survey under 150 species of land plants, including 58 species of bryophytes and 92 of vascular plants, across 124 locations from all continents. We found that, despite the immense biodiversity of soil organisms, the land plants evaluated only shared a small fraction (less than 1%) of all microbial and invertebrate taxa that were present across contrasting climatic and soil conditions and vegetation types. These consistent taxa were dominated by generalist decomposers and phagotrophs and their presence was positively correlated with the abundance of functional genes linked to mineralization. Finally, we showed that crossing environmental thresholds in aridity (aridity index of 0.65, i.e., the transition from mesic to dry ecosystems), soil pH (5.5; i.e., the transition from acidic to strongly acidic soils), and carbon (less than 2%, the lower limit of fertile soils) can result in drastic disruptions in the associations between land plants and soil organisms, with potential implications for the delivery of soil ecosystem processes under ongoing global environmental change.
Ključne besede: belowground networks, environmental thresholds, moss microbiome, plant microbiome, plant–soil interactions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.05.2024; Ogledov: 37; Prenosov: 34
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Povzetek: The ectomycorrhizal association of Tuber spp. in orchards is essential for truffle production. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the ectomycorrhizal association of Tuber aestivum Vittad. and Tuber brumale Vittad. in pecan after five years of cultivation in an orchard. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria – Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a pecan orchard planted with seedlings inoculated with these two species of truffles. The orchard was characterized in terms of soil physical and chemical properties and soil type. Initially non-inoculated plants, plants inoculated with Tuber aestivum (TA), and plants inoculated with Tuber brumale (TB) were evaluated for the percentage (%) of roots colonized by Tuber spp., other ectomycorrhizae, and non-mycorrhizal roots. A reduction in the colonization of both truffle species was observed five years after transplanting the seedlings to the orchard but they have the potential to maintain the ectomycorrhizal association with pecan seedlings.
Ključne besede: Carya illinoinensis, ectomycorrhiza, truffle, tuber
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.03.2024; Ogledov: 223; Prenosov: 106
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Povzetek: Tuber borchii forms ectomycorrhiza with oaks, hazel, and pines, including Pinus sylvestris. However, its ectomycorrhiza morphotype with P. sylvestris was not comprehensively described so far, and molecular analyses are missing despite a high danger of misidentification of T. borchii ectomycorrhiza with other closely related and less valuable truffle species. We described for the first time the morphology and anatomy of T. borchii-P. sylvestris ectomycorrhiza using differential interference contrast technique and semi-thin sections in combination with molecular confirmation of identity. Color of ectomycorrhiza is reddish to dark brown, and morphotypes are unevenly but densely covered by warts-bearing pin-like cystidia. All layers of the hyphal mantle are pseudoparenchymatous with outer mantle layer formed of epidermoid cells. T. borchii ectomycorrhiza was identified by a molecular comparison with fruitbodies used for inoculation and its respective ectomycorrhizae. T. borchii has a wide ecological amplitude. To get a better insight in mycorrhization requirements, we investigated growth of P. sylvestris and its ectomycorrhiza infection rate with T. borchii in substrate with different lime content. The mycorrhization of P. sylvestris with T. borchii in the mycorrhization substrate and cultivation in greenhouse conditions was successful, with colonization of P. sylvestris varying between 36.5 and 48.1%. There was no significant correlation of mycorrhization to applied lime contents, and consequently to pH in substrate, while the increased levels of lime improved growth of the P. sylvestris seedlings.
Ključne besede: root anatomy, ectomycorrhiza, Limestone content, molecular identification, Pinus sylvestris, Tuber borchii
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.01.2024; Ogledov: 448; Prenosov: 289
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Ključne besede: genski viri, drevesne vrste, tehnične smernice, evropski pravi kostanj, Castanea sativa, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.12.2023; Ogledov: 353; Prenosov: 86
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Povzetek: Taxonomy of Pseudohydnum gelatinosum and its sister taxa is revised via morphological data and a four-gene dataset (ITS, nc LSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1). Identity of P. gelatinosum and Tremellodon pusillus is re-established based on newly collected and sequenced material from their type localities. Pseudohydnum alienum from Europe; P. umbrosum from temperate East Asia; P. cystidiatum, P. meridianum, and P. placibile from Vietnam; and P. omnipavum from North America are described as new to science; P. translucens and P. brunneiceps from East Asia are redescribed. Most Pseudohydnum collections from North America belong to P. gelatinosum ssp. pusillum. A significant divergence of TEF1 sequences in P. gelatinosum is discussed.
Ključne besede: Heterobasidiomycetes, phylogeny, new species, new typifcations
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.05.2023; Ogledov: 469; Prenosov: 264
Celotno besedilo (5,57 MB)
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