1191. New “inspirations” in philosophical anthropologyPier Francesco Corvino, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This paper aims to endow the contamination of ecological wisdom with human and political ecology by outlining the basic features of a renewed philosophical an-thropology. With this purpose, the concept of human nature is investigated here, using an ecological, eco-critical and integral framework, known as “inspiratory.” The key concept of this framework is to be found in the seemingly antiquated notion of temperament, which will be archeologically recovered and philosophi-cally enhanced. Ključne besede: inspiration, temperament, breath, talent, character, ecological wisdom Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 261; Prenosov: 224
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1192. The somaesthetics of heaviness and Hara in Zen Buddhist meditationGeoffrey Ashton, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Breath is a grounding phenomenon present in many forms of Buddhist medi-tation. In traditional Buddhist meditations (including ānāpānasati and vipassanā), the practitioner observes the breath, surveys various physical and mental phenom-ena, and from there realizes that suffering (duḥkha) is not ultimately binding (and along the way, they may experience the nonduality of body and mind). Similarly, the seated meditation practice (zazen) deployed by Rinzai Zen begins with atten-tion to breath, refines one’s attention to psycho-physical sensations, and fosters a realization of mind-body unity that enables the practitioner to face duḥkha. But this form of Zen recasts the respiratory philosophy of early Buddhism in some important respects. This paper explores how these adaptations take place in terms of an explicitly somaesthetic orientation. Emphasizing the postural form of the body, the capacity to sense the pull of gravity, and the performance of breathing from the hara (lower belly), zazen seeks to awaken the somatic body by transform-ing the weight of suffering into nondual, vital energy. Ključne besede: zazen, duḥkha, gravity, grief, somaesthetics, hara, breathing Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 277; Prenosov: 233
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1193. Accelerated drought-induced resilience decline across European forestsAllan Buras, Benjamin Meyer, Konstantin Gregor, Lucia Layritz, Jernej Jevšenak, Christian Zang, Anja Rammig, 2024, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: Europe, drought, forest, Europe Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 324; Prenosov: 208
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1194. Nafas : breath ontology in Rumi’s poetryZahra Rashid, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: For the sake of a respiratory philosophy, it makes sense to look to the East, since many Eastern traditions such as Sufism include breathwork in their so-matic practices. In my paper, I aim to show how Rumi – a 13th century Muslim theologian and Sufi – used breath or nafas in his Persian poetry to outline how breathing is an originary phenomenon. My paper will take a few samples of his poetry to demonstrate how breath connotes a newness through the “gift” of life that it endows upon us, and how the creative, endowing, and primal nature of breath is linked to an openness to the Divine other and to others. Furthermore, for Rumi, every passing breath ushers in a new existence, annihilating its older form and thus creating an ontological sense in the reader of both the finiteness of existence through what has passed and the infinite possibilities it holds when the newness arrives. Bridging the finite and infinite through breath enables us to develop a respiratory ontology that aims to conceive of dualities through an inter-related perspective. This, I wish to argue, is the true promise of Rumi’s poetry for a philosophy of breathing Ključne besede: Rumi, Sufism, breathwork, Irigaray, Merleau-Ponty, embodied philosophy Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 310; Prenosov: 216
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1196. Intentio Spiritus : the materialist, pneumatological origins of intention in AugustineAlberto Parisi, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Intention is one of the catchwords of 20th-century Western philosophy. Positively or negatively, it takes a central role in numerous traditions, from phenomenology to analytic philosophy, and in none of them has it anything to do with air or breath. According to its widely accepted lineage, the concept of intention can be traced back to Medieval Scholastic philosophy, specifically to Augustine’s utilisation of this term. It is in Augustine’s intentio animi (the intention of the soul) – most critics argue – that intention first meant directing one’s attention towards something or a voluntary design or plan. In this paper, such a genealogy will not be proved wrong but rather complicated by taking seriously the (anti-)pneumatological context in which Augustine developed his concept of intention and, at the same time, those unheeded studies of his works that claim the origins of his use of intentio to lie in the Ancient Stoic concept of τόνος (tonos, tension or tone). A new study will show that intentio is what allows Augustine every time to prove the spirit to be immaterial, namely to not be a form of material air or breath. By transforming intentio into attentio (attention) first and voluntas (will) later, Augustine makes possible the realm of the immaterial spirit. Furthermore, however, this article also shows that his arguments seem to take for granted and reject an earlier, materialist pneumatological conception of intention, whose traces can be found in some of the works of the Roman Stoic Seneca, as well as in now-lost 4th century CE Christian heretical theories of the Holy Spirit. Ključne besede: Augustine, intention, intentio, attention, will, pneuma, spirit, breath, air, pneumatology, Stoicism, Neo-Platonism, Holy Spirit, Holy Ghost Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 285; Prenosov: 248
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1197. From respiration to fleshpiration : a Merleau-Pontian journey into respiratory philosophy and respiratory religion with Jesus, St. Paul, Claudel, and Merleau-PontyPetri Joakim Berndtson, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In this article, I introduce a new word, the neologism “fleshpiration.” It is a word or a name in which I intertwine “flesh” and “spirit” or “spiration.” This new word is inspired by the thinking of Jesus, St. Paul, Paul Claudel, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The interpretative starting point of my article is taken from Clau-del, who states: “the spirit is respiration.” With Claudel’s idea, which has its roots in the etymological analysis of pneuma and spiritus, I interpret the spirit (pneuma) of Jesus and St. Paul to mean respiration in the first place. Within this respira-tory interpretative context, I suggest that both Jesus and St. Paul emphasised the essentiality of breathing in their religious thinking. For St. Paul, life according to the flesh and life according to the Spirit as life according to the Respiration are opposite lifestyles. Within the context of Merleau-Ponty, it can be said that St. Paul’s dichotomy between the flesh and the Spirit can be challenged and surpassed. For Merleau-Ponty, the flesh and the Spirit can be intertwined in a paradoxical manner. Within this framework of paradoxical thinking, it becomes possible to discover this new word “fleshpiration” and initially claim that it names a new res-piratory beginning for philosophy and religion. Ključne besede: Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Paul Claudel, Jesus, St. Paul, respiration, flesh, fleshpiration Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 310; Prenosov: 229
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1198. Air and breathing in Medieval Jewish mysticismMichael Marder, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This essay is a study of the element of air and the process of breathing in light of the medieval book of Zohar and related aspects of the broader Jewish tradition. Mapping air onto the divine body comprised of the sefirot, or the emanations of God, I reconsider the connection between breath and spirit, while also focusing on the sensuous and atmospheric aspects of aerial and pneumatic phenomena: wind, scents, the rising expansion of hot air and the falling condensation of the cold. Breathing is examined throughout the entire respiratory system, from the lungs to the nostrils, with respect to both the sefirotic divine body and the breath of life, animating the creaturely realm. Throughout the study, I pay particular at-tention to the paradoxical mode in which air remains an indeterminate, literally groundless element and, at the same time, is at the heart of theo-anatomy, of life, and of sustaining a fragile world Ključne besede: air, breath, mysticism, emanations, spirit Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 261; Prenosov: 216
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1199. In that very body, within that very dream : soteriological dreaming technique in the tradition of Buddhist yogisNina Petek, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The first part of the paper briefly outlines the role of dreams in early Budd-hism and their importance in establishing the continuity of the whole tradition, before presenting in the second part entirely new aspects of dreams in the Budd-hist eremitic tradition, influenced by the Tantric spiritual horizon, in particular by a transformed concept of the body. The central part of the paper follows an analysis of the soteriological technique of dreaming (Tib. rmi lam) in the tradi-tion of Buddhist yogis and yoginīs, based on the fragments of mahāsiddha Tilopa (Ṣaḍdharmopadeśa), Gampopa’s commentaries, collected in the treatise Dags po'i bka' 'bum, and findings from studies on Buddhist eremitic tradition in Ladakh in the region of the Indian Himalayas. The four stages of dream yoga are also hi-ghlighted in relation to other psychophysical soteriological techniques (the six dharmas, Skrt. ṣaḍdharma, Tib. chos drug). The philosophical and soteriological foundations of dream yoga are presented on the basis of the doctrine of consciou-sness in the yogācāra school, highlighting in particular the three modifications of consciousness presented by Vasubandhu. The last part the paper outlines the si-gnificance of training in the dreaming technique in the very process of dying that leads to the unconditioned state beyond life and death, nirvāṇa. Ključne besede: dreams in Buddhism, Buddhist yogis and yoginis, six dharmas, yogacara, vijñana, nirvana Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 286; Prenosov: 347
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1200. Neuromuscular component of muscle quality assessment in older adults : narrative reviewKatarina Puš, Boštjan Šimunič, 2024, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The concept of muscle quality encompasses both microand macroscopic aspects of muscle architecture and composition and has gained increasing attention with inclusion in the definition of sarcopenia, indicating the significance of muscle quality in evaluating muscle function and strength among older individuals. Muscle quality consists of two main components: neuromuscular and morphological and is often defined as the ratio between the two. The aim of this review is to present currently used methods for assessment of muscle quality with an emphasis on neuromuscular component in older adults. The most used methods for assessing morphological component are imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry and non-imaging bioimpedance analysis. In the neuromuscular component upper and lower body strength are assessed with different methods such as hand grip strength, isokinetic lower limb strength and isometric lower limb strength. Currently, there are three proposed muscle quality assessment methods for field or population studies: muscle quality index, ultrasound sarcopenia index and bioimpedancederived phase angle. Despite the exploration of muscle quality through various assessment methods, a consensus on the most appropriate and universally applicable approach has yet to be established. Ključne besede: ageing, skeletal muscle, ultrasound sarcopenia index, muscle quality index, phase angle Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.05.2024; Ogledov: 272; Prenosov: 148
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